Questions

1. The Russian Federation is a state of popular power

2. Territorial integrity and sovereignty are the most important characteristics of a federal state.

The Russian Federation is a democratic federal state governed by the rule of law with a republican form of government. This provision reflects the main goals of building our state, gives a clear idea of the values that it strives to achieve.

1

In accordance with the current Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, the modern Russian state is characterized as:

- demokraticheskoe;

- legal regulation;

- with a republican form of government;

- social;

- secular;

- federal;

- sovereign.

Russia is a democratic state

A democratic state is recognized as a state in which, on the one hand, the principle of democracy is implemented in practice, that is, real power belongs to the people, on the other hand, human rights and freedoms, being the highest value, are guaranteed and protected.

Russia as a democratic state has the following constitutional characteristics::

1. The only source of power in Russia and the bearer of sovereignty is its multinational people. This means that our country is declared a state of people's power or a democratic state (the word "democracy" in ancient Greek means "people's power"). The people of the Russian Federation do not share power with anyone, and no one but themselves can claim power in Russia. Only the freely expressed will of the people creates the state and gives legitimacy and legitimacy to State power and its bodies. Therefore, all State bodies must act in accordance with the will of the people, as expressed in the Constitution, and only in their interests. State power in Russia is secondary, derived from the power of its people, so it is only a way, a form by which the people realize their self-government, their interests.

2. Russia as a democratic state is also characterized by the fact that no one, no organization, body, official can appropriate the power of the people.

3. The concept of "democratic state "is inextricably linked with such concepts as" constitutional "and"rule of law state".

4. The most important feature of a Russian democratic state is real democracy.

The people of Russia exercise their power directly, as well as through State and local self-government bodies. Therefore, depending on the form of expression of the will of the people, direct and representative democracy are distinguished.

Direct democracy is the direct expression of the will of the people or a part of them, the direct solution of issues of state and public life or the expression of opinions on these issues. "The highest direct expression of the power of the people," states Article 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, " is a referendum and free elections." Other forms of direct people's power may include general meetings of citizens, people's legislative initiative, recall of a deputy of a representative body, plebiscite, personal participation in the activities of government bodies, etc.

Representative democracy is the exercise of power by the people through elective institutions that represent citizens and have the right to make decisions that express the will of the people or a part of the population. State authorities of the Russian Federation - the President of the Russian Federation, the Parliament of the Russian Federation, legislative (representative) bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and local self-government bodies-consist of authorized representatives of the people who express their will in adopted laws and other legal acts regulating relations between a person, society, and the state.

5. A distinctive feature of a democratic State is the recognition, protection and protection of human rights.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation declares that every person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value in society and the state. At the same time, the constitutional duty of the State is established - recognition, observance and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms. Thus, in the relations between the state and the individual, the priority belongs to the person as the highest value.

Constitutional rights and freedoms in Russia are usually divided into 3 main groups: personal (or civil); political, socio-economic and cultural. This division is based on international human rights standards established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and the International Covenants on Human Rights (1966).

Russia is a state governed by the rule of law

The Russian Federation, in accordance with article 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is declared a State governed by the rule of law, and the concept of a State governed by the rule of law is inextricably linked with a democratic one.

A legal state is a state where the principle of people's power is implemented in practice, state power is limited and bound by legal laws, and human rights and freedoms are recognized, protected and guaranteed. The concept of a rule-of-law state is multidimensional, it includes many characteristics of a democratic constitutional state, but it also has its own distinctive features;

1. The rule of law, and first of all the Constitution, in all spheres of state and public life,

2. The reality of human rights and freedoms. A State governed by the rule of law recognizes the inviolability of human rights and freedoms and, at the same time, the State's duty to respect and protect them. Judicial protection of human rights and freedoms is guaranteed.

3. The duty of the State, its bodies and officials to act within the framework of the Constitution and laws,

4. Mutual responsibility of the state and the individual.

5. "Separation of powers" into those who create the law, apply the law, and enforce it.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the principle of separation of powers in Article 10 " State power in the Russian Federation is exercised on the basis of a division into legislative, executive and judicial branches. Legislative, executive, and judicial authorities are independent",

6. Independence of the judiciary.

7. The norms of international law are part of the national legal system.

The above signs are only the main ones. Building a State governed by the rule of law is a historically long and complex process. The Russian Federation is only at the very beginning of this journey.

Russia-Republic

The Constitution of the Russian Federation established a republican form of government in Russia.

Form of government - an organization of the highest state authorities, characterized by the order of their formation, structure and competence.

The Russian Federation is a mixed (semi-presidential) republic, as it simultaneously has the characteristics of both a presidential and a parliamentary republic. It is characterized by: a strong presidential power that is independent of other branches of government;

a parliament that does not have sufficient powers to control the executive branch; a Government that is legally and de facto responsible only to the President of the Russian Federation.

State power in the Russian Federation is exercised by federal and regional government bodies in accordance with the principle of its division at the federal and regional levels into legislative, executive and judicial branches.

Russia is a secular state

The Russian Constitution stipulates that " the Russian Federation is a secular state."

A secular state is a state in which there is no official, state religion and none of the creeds is recognized as mandatory, the state and the church do not interfere in each other's affairs. The main distinguishing features of a secular state: the church is separate from the state and the school is separate from the church.

The characterization of Russia as a secular state is due to the fact that "no religion can be established as a state or mandatory one. Religious associations are separated from the state and are equal before the law "(article 14 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation),

Thus, the Russian Federation has created a secular state in which, on the one hand, the church is separated from the state, and on the other, the right of citizens to freedom of religion is guaranteed.

Russia is a social state

The Russian Federation is declared a social state in accordance with Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

A social state is a state that is based on the principles of social equality and justice. It is obliged to provide everyone with the possibility of human existence and free them from the oppression of such living conditions that "kill a person physically and morally",

The activity of the Russian Federation as a social state is implemented through social policy, which is aimed at "creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of the individual." A decent life is understood as material security at the level of standards of a modern developed society, access to cultural values, and the guarantee of personal security rights. Free development implies physical, mental and moral improvement of a person,

The main directions of social policy and at the same time social responsibilities of the Russian state are::

- occupational health and safety;

- establishment of a guaranteed minimum wage;

- providing state support for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, disabled and elderly citizens;

- development of the social services system;

- establishment of state pensions, allowances and other guarantees of social protection.

2

Russia is a federal state

According to article 1 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Russia is a federal state. A federation is a complex state consisting of state-like entities - subjects of the Federation, based on the Constitution and the division of jurisdiction and powers between the union state as a whole and its subjects,

Characteristic features of Russia as a Federation are:

1. Russia is a sovereign state, a full-fledged subject of international relations.

2. Russia consists of state-like entities - subjects of the Russian Federation, which have 6 variants of names: republic, krai, region, federal city, autonomous region, and autonomous okrug.

3. Russia has an integral and inviolable territory, which is subject to its State sovereignty.

4.The Russian legal system includes 2 levels: federal and regional. The federal level is formed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as federal (federal constitutional) laws and other normative legal acts adopted by federal government bodies.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws have supremacy throughout the state. The regional level is represented by the main laws (constitutions, charters), laws, and other normative legal acts adopted by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

5. State power in Russia is divided "vertically" - into federal and constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but "horizontally" - into legislative, executive and judicial (Article 10), while state authorities at all levels have independence within the limits established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

6. The Russian Federation has a single monetary, credit, and tax system.

7. Russia has established unified Armed Forces that protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the entire State.

8. An important characteristic of the Federation is the establishment of a single all-Russian citizenship.

9. Russia as a sovereign state has a national anthem, flag and coat of arms.

10. Relations between federal and regional bodies of state power are based on the differentiation of subjects of competence and powers, in the forms and procedures established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation,

Russia is a sovereign state

State sovereignty is the state of sovereignty of a state on its territory and its independence from other states,

The state as a public-legal organization of society creates public (state) authorities, which ensure its sovereignty.

The sovereignty of the Russian Federation is enshrined in the following provisions of the current Constitution:

- the sovereignty of the Russian Federation extends to its entire territory;

- The Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws prevail throughout Russia;

- The Russian Federation ensures the integrity and inviolability of its territory.

The integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation means that, on the one hand, the subjects of the Federation, even if they are called "states", do not have state sovereignty and do not have the right to withdraw from it. Thus, the Constitution of the Russian Federation denies the doctrine of "divisibility of sovereignty". On the other hand, the inadmissibility of any claims to the country's territory from outside and the determination to defend it in the event of aggression from outside,

The tasks of ensuring the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Russia are directly performed by the Ministries of Foreign and Internal Affairs, federal services: border guard, security, foreign intelligence and other state structures. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - a state military organization that forms the basis of the defense of Russia (Article 10 of the Federal Law "On Defense" of 1996), as well as internal, border, railway troops, civil defense troops, the Federal security Service, and the federal Agency for Government Communications and information-are intended to repel aggression and defend the integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation under the President of the Russian Federation.

Thus, the modern Russian state is proclaimed by the Constitution and is built as a democratic, federal, legal, with a republican form of government. Its highest goal is the realization of human rights and freedoms of all the peoples of the Russian Federation, the protection of the integrity, sovereignty, and all national values and interests of the country.

Permanent link to this publication: