Russian philology of the XVIII century is a hidden layer of Russian science. And although it is generally accepted that the main directions in literature, concepts and ideology were formed later, in the XIX century, much was scattered bit by bit and, alas, irretrievably lost in that distant classical century. But even from the fragmentary writings of the founders of Russian science, the forerunners of its glorious traditions, one can imagine how full of ideas and projects and obsessed the activities of the now almost unknown enlightenment scientists of that time were, how broad and sometimes immense their plans were. Many of them remained unrealized and disappeared in later research, but behind them was a hundred-

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yala is a truly titanic work of the discoverers and collectors of Russian antiquities.

In history, there is a place for big, great names of the past, such as Lomonosov, Trediakovsky, Barsov, etc., who really carried out each in its own way a revolution in many branches of knowledge. Behind their shadow are sometimes invisible people whose work in the field of experimental literature was, perhaps, not so significant and conceptually, did not have a single "strategic" line-again, either because of character traits and individual abilities, or because of the eternal "fortune" and such a domestic "plot", as a lack of funds. It must be confessed that many scientists of the past (among them quite a few philologists) - people of low affluence-ended their lives in poverty, never being able to rise to the podium and enter the cohort of textbook names.

The above can be fully attributed to the forgotten translator and poet, philologist and fiction writer, teacher and court philosopher of the 1700s Kiriyak Andreevich Kondratovich, who nevertheless, despite all the contradictions and vicissitudes of fate and the notorious "evaluation" factor, was called "one of the most industrious translators" of his time (Semenov V. P. Materials for the history of Russian literature and for the dictionary of writers of the era of Catherine II / / Russian Bibliophile. 1914. N 6. p. 47). It was in this field that he found fame, making available to the Russian reader the scientific works of European scientists and individual works of ancient authors.

But not only science was limited to the interests and talent of this original representative of the Elizabethan era, who had a very colorful biography.

K. A. Kondratovich was born in Malorus. We must admit that all his life he was burdened by this origin and adapted, experiencing the distrust of some and the contempt of others. "Kondratovich kept his Little Russian accent until old age and wrote pil, vitr vm (esto) dust, wind (emphasis added). - O. N.), etc. To this one circumstance he attributed the dislike of Russians ( ... ) " (P. Kondratovich Pekarsky, Russian prose writer and versifier, philologist and fiction writer of the XVIII century // Sovremennik, 1858, vol. 69, No. 6, p. 455). His father served as a centurion of the Sloboda Akhtyrsky regiment and died in the Battle of Poltava. In his mature years, in a report to the Chancellery of the Academy of Sciences dated October 13, 1766, K. A. Kondratovich will write about the time of his apprenticeship as follows:: "After the death of my first parent, after I was taught the Russian language and writing in the 10th year of my birth [except for Russian writing and vocal and instrumental music], I studied Latin and Polish at the Kiev Academy 15 years later on my own account and, starting from gram-

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tiki, I graduated in Latin poetry, rhetoric and philosophical parts: logic, physics, metaphysics and theology, which the teachings, according to the personal decree of the Sovereign Emperor Peter I, were ordered to be read for ranks, as it will be read to professors" (Tikhonravov N. S. Kiryak Kondratovich, translator of the last century / / Bibliographic Notes. 1858. Vol. 1. N 8. Stlb. 227; the fragment enclosed in square brackets is missing from N. S. Tikhonravov, see: Pekarsky P. Decree, op. p. 477). At the beginning of his educational activity, he studied at the Kiev Theological Academy and "completed a full course in 1730" (Nikolaev S. I. Kondratovich Kiriyak Andreevich / / Dictionary of Russian writers of the XVIII century. Issue No. 2. St. Petersburg, 1999, p. 115). But as early as 1727, his uncle, Archbishop Gavriil Buzhinsky of Ryazan and Murom, summoned Kondratovich to Ryazan to teach Latin at the Slavic-Greek-Latin school in Pereyaslav (1727-1728).

The personality of a relative of the future scientist deserves to be described at least in a few words. Gabriel Buzhinsky was very famous at the beginning of the XVIII century: he composed sermons that glorified the victories and exploits of Peter I. "For this reason," P. Pekarsky notes, "all Buzhinsky's panegyrics were published immediately after they were pronounced - a rare honor at that time, because it was not awarded during his lifetime to the equally famous preacher - guardian of the Patriarchal throne Stefan Yavorsky" (P. Pekarsky Decree, op. p.455). Then, after completing his academic course in 1731, K. A. Kondratovich spent two years at the court of Empress Anna Ioannovna as a "court philosopher", as he called himself. Apparently, he was bored with such work, because he had a freedom-loving, creative nature, with great ambitions. Therefore, after serving this "duty", "I was ordered to be assigned to the case, for which I am convenient to appear" (Pekarsky P. Decree. op. p. 477). And in 1733, he was sent to the department of Feofan Prokopovich, where he was engaged in translations of theological works. And in 1734, he was sent to Yekaterinburg to see V. N. Tatishchev, "on whose instructions he made translations and taught the Latin language to children of church and craftspeople" (Quoted from the ed.: Chernyaev P. N. Traces of acquaintance of the Russian society with ancient classical literature in the age of Catherine II / / Philological Notes. Issues V-VI. Voronezh, 1904, p. 93). Here he stayed for nine years, being dependent on Count Stroganov. Later, he recalled this time as the best in his life: "I, the lowest pet, consider only those times as happy, in which, after finishing my theology, at the request of your grandmother and uncles and your parent, in his peace among other strange people, he kept me in their house, freely, coolly, collectively and evenly having fun" (P. Pekarsky Decree, Op. p. 456).

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Having a wide range of knowledge and interest in research, K.A. Kondratovich was already trying to collect and publish some of his works. In Yekaterinburg, in addition to teaching, he helped V. N. Tatishchev, worked on translations of historical works by Western European authors. So, in 1735, he translated the work of the Polish historian of the XVI century M. Kromer "On the beginnings of the Poles and the deeds done by them", in 1737 - "History of the Slavs" by the German chronicler of the XII century Helmold and other works. There is evidence that "during classes with students of the school, K (ondratovich) compared the Russian Bible with the Latin translation of the Hebrew original and suggested correcting certain passages in the book of Genesis, but the Synod did not accept his proposals, "because this rule, as it was made with Latin, and not with Greek, is invalid"" (Ibid., p. 116). In general, this period was extremely fruitful for the philological experiments of K. A. Kondratovich. The very environment in which he found himself, a rather calm and secure life (thanks to the patronage of various individuals), interesting everyday and ethnographic observations, the motley language of the peoples who lived from time immemorial in the Urals-all this prompted him to write his dissertation "on the Etymological Lexicon of Russian and Latin that I composed" (Book Three. The old man is young. One hundred epigrams. St. Petersburg, 1769, p. 49) and the compilation of a large number of very different works - from "piitic" to botanical. In the quoted letter of K. A. Kondratovich to the Chancellery of the Academy of Sciences (1766), there is also such a fragment:" (...) Back in Yekaterinburg, I began to create an etymological lexicon with a Latin translation based on Cellariev and Fabrov's model, on primitive, derived and complex names, of which there are more than a hundred thousand names, about which I composed a Latin dissertation ( ... ) " (Tikhonravov N. S. Decree. op. Stlb. 228-229).

At the same time, apparently, while still in Yekaterinburg, the indefatigable K. A. Kondratovich, in addition to translating numerous books on history, natural sciences and classical poetry, collected dialects and languages of local peoples. From his "dedication" of 1745, sent to the Synod, it follows that he compiled and translated more than thirty books. Russian Russian", "Ostyako-Russian Dictioneer", "Vagulitsko-Russian dictioneer", "Chuvash - Russian Dictioneer", "Cheremisko-Russian Dictioneer" (Pekarsky P. Decree, op. p.473). He further remarks: "All with brief conversations (with the privy Councilor Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, which his academy, according to my report, requires) "(Ibid.).

In addition to the listed phrasebooks, K. A. Kondratovich also points out " Four volumes of the Russian-Latin lexicon (in the academy)" and " Universal Latin-Russian lexicon in sheet 1064 page (in

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the Academy)" (Ibid.), Bible slobari: "Lexicon of proper names of the Bible with interpretations by Pazorov (in the academy)", "Lexicon of saints and various places of the New Testament in Greek, Syriac and Hebrew with Russian and with interpretations by Pazorov (in the academy)" (Ibid., pp. 473-474). His "register" ends with an indication that "I have collected all the Russian proverbs, to which I bring the Latin exact ones" (p. 474).

In this list, there is evidence of two other dictionaries, which we will discuss in more detail. So, K. A. Kondratovich writes that he prepared materials for " The Russian Lexicon collected at the Academy of letters B: to 3000 still 3000 vocabula and to 150 proverbs 500 proverbs, all should be to the letter B. In addition, there are 74 botanical names in Latin with Russian, 200 in the Bible, to which the three letters W, V and B were translated from Kalepin's onomastics", as well as "I have collected Latin botanical names with Russian, which I still keep and consider" (p.474).

The fate of the explanatory dictionary, perhaps the most valuable for the history of Russian linguistics (this is almost the first evidence of the compilation of the Russian lexicon), turned out to be sad and probably plunged the scientist into a series of breakdowns, collisions and failures that awaited him upon arrival in the capital.

In 1742, K. A. Kondratovich arrived in St. Petersburg, where in 1743 he was appointed a translator at the Academy of Sciences, and later-a teacher at the academic gymnasium, holding the rank of collegiate assessor.

Despite all the critical attitude of contemporaries to K. A. Kondratovich and almost complete obscurity later, it is his work as a lexicographer that deserves study and special attention. V. P. Semyonnikov, one of the first biographers of the scientist, wrote about this phenomenon at the beginning of the XX century and, as it seems to us, objectively assessed the efforts of the scientist in this field: "For many years Kondratovich worked on compiling a Russian dictionary. This work remained unpublished, but it also served its purpose in the manuscript: the Russian Academy, when compiling its dictionary, used Kondratovich's work; his dictionary was distributed in parts among the members "(V. P. Semennikov Decree, op. p. 47). Further, the same author explains in a note:: "Compiling dictionaries was Kondratovich's passion; he even had a desire to get a professorship at the Academy of Sciences "for collecting Latin-Russian and Russian - Latin lexicons" (Ibid.).

M. V. Lomonosov's papers contain drafts of future works. In one of them - "Philological studies and indications, to supplement the proper grammar" - among other important points there is also such: "11. On the lexicon "(Lomonosov M. V. Complete Works, Vol. 7. Moscow-L., 1952. p. 763). Editors and commentators of the publication found out that it was just about the "lexicon of Russian primitives"that was being prepared. M. V. Lomonosov also stated his participation in its compilation - this can be seen from the report of K. A. Kondratovich dated September 1

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1747 (St. Petersburg, Federal Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences. f. 3. Op. 1. Ed. chr. N 110. L. 2. Cit. by ed.: Lomonosov M. V. PSS. Vol. 7. pp. 946-947). "Whether such a draft was drawn up,"the commentators write further," is unknown, but it is documented that Lomonosov for three years (1748-1751) took part in the work of the aforementioned K. A. Kondratovich on the "composition of the Russian lexicon". It was a multilingual dictionary "based on Cellariev and Fabrov's model" (Ibid., p. 947).

M. V. Lomonosov spoke negatively about the dictionary of K. A. Kondratovich. He pointed out the following errors: "(1) insufficient number of derivatives, and in particular "folded" words; (2)incorrect arrangement of derived words "not under their original forms" and (...) 3) "a deliberate number of very new and uncommon derivatives of the same words" (Lomonosov M. V. PSS. Vol. 9. Moscow-L., 1955. p. 616; cit. Makeeva V. N. M. V. Lomonosov-compiler, editor and reviewer of lexicographic works // Voprosy yazykoznaniya 1961. N 5. P.110). After returning the manuscript to K. A. Kondratovich," The Chancellery of the Academy of Sciences instructed Lomonosov to direct this work "(Makeyeva V. N. Decree op. p. 110) and in the" report " of 1749, he reported: "In the essay "Russian Lexicon" at the recollection of G. Kondratovich, I came to the writing of P with derivatives without folded ones. And in the coming third (...) I will prostrate myself in the essay "Russian Lexicon" with the mentioned Kondratovich" (Lomonosov M. V. PSS. Vol. 9. p. 381).

According to V.N. Makeeva, who thoroughly investigated this issue, under the supervision of M. V. Lomonosov, K. A. Kondratovich "was engaged in an additional selection of" primitive "words for the lexicon, as well as" derived and folded "ones, after which it was supposed to" apply" foreign words " (Makeeva V. N. Decree, op. p. 110). Apparently, the collaboration with M. V. Lomonosov "under supervision" was not fruitful. He was not only very demanding of himself, but also of his colleagues. Therefore, his remarks "aimed at improving the lexicon, Kondratovich perceived with painful resentment and repeatedly complained about Lomonosov "(Ibid.). Here is one of Kondratovich's reports to the Chancellery of the Academy of Sciences (June 1750).I have a particular quarrel with Professor Mikhail Lomonosov of chemistry, namely, that he called me a fool three times in the house of the Bishop of Moscow, both in his presence and in the presence of Bishop Volodimersky, and in the presence of Archimandrite Voskresensky, and that he not only cursed me profanely with all sorts of obscene words, but also called me kanalia. but I also wanted to beat him; for that reason, I should not be under his supervision on my rights, and that I should be ordered to be under the supervision of the entire historical collection for the speedy completion of the lexicon" (Bilyarsky P.S. Materials for the biography of Lomonosov, St. Petersburg, 1865, p. 771).

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Their joint work ended in a breakup in 1751, and at the same time K. A. Kondratovich "twice (...) I was going crazy" (P. N. Chernyaev Edict op. cit. p. 93). He asked "not to entrust any more consideration of his works to Lomonosov" (Nikolaev S. I. Decree. op. p. 117). Much later, in an application to the Chancellery of the Academy of Sciences in 1766, K. A. Kondratovich recalled this episode, retaining a very unattractive feature for the biography of the Russian genius: "Lomonosov wanted to stab me and scolded me in the presence of (...)"(Pekarsky P. Decree. op. p. 478).

One way or another, probably with long interruptions, but work on the Russian version of the lexicon "Tselyariev obraztsov" continued and by 1772 was completed. The dictionary has already been recommended for publication: "Composed by assessor Kiriak Kondratovich and corrected by G. academician [S. Ya.] Rumovsky of the Russian Etymological Dictionary with a Latin translation, including the German translation by Registrar Koch, to be printed under the supervision of him, G. Rumovsky, in the fourth part of the sheet one thousand eight hundred copies" (V. P. Semennikov Decree. op.p. 47). However, the publication never took place, and the manuscript of this very significant lexicon was lost, or, more precisely, dissolved in many articles of the upcoming "Dictionary of the Russian Academy".

There is a curious testimony of Schlezer about the work of K. A. Kondratovich: "This manuscript," he wrote, " in folio, according to the exact count, contained 781 leaves or 34 alphabets, was a real Russian (italics ours. - O. N.) Cellarius, in which all words were placed under their own, of course, often very incorrect roots, with a Latin meaning; it was extremely complete even in relation to natural-historical and other technical expressions" (V. P. Semennikov Decree. op.p. 47).

Now it is difficult to say what exactly stopped the publication of this dictionary - whether the old "reputation of a slanderer" by K. A. Kondratovich, academic intrigues, or again the sad circumstances that accompanied the scientist's work throughout his life. Probably, it was not without the fact that the priorities of lexicographic work of the now modern era changed, and truly monumental works replaced the scattered, largely imitative first samples of European lexicons. One of them is the creation of a new explanatory dictionary of the Russian language that is scientifically based and meets clear (at that time) criteria for selecting vocabulary. Catherine's era. This was partly due to the rich accumulations of the previous work of its members, including the works of K. A. Kondratovich, which were available in the "bins" of the Academy. Its new president, E. R. Dashkova, collected handwritten lexicons and "interpreters" for such purposes, which, according to her testimony, were distributed in parts to the authors-compilers of the "Dictionary of the Russian Academy".

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It is possible that the unpublished dictionary of K. A. Kondratovich is also among them.

Before we move on to other works of the scientist, we will give one more detail, perhaps shedding light on the fate of Russian Cellarium. At the same time, another dictionary was being prepared, which was worked on by A. I. Bogdanov, who died shortly after M. V. Lomonosov. The work on its compilation and translation was supervised by non - commissioned librarian I. I. Taubert, who "made an attempt to print the dictionary under his (italics ours. - O. N.) in your name " (Makeeva V. N. Decree, op. p. 112). Let us compare this with the testimony of V. P. Semyonnikov: "Almost at the same time, a different lexicon was composed in Russian, German, and Latin - under the supervision of Taubert (i.e., Bogdanov's dictionary. - O. N. Probably, for some time, until the quality of Taubert's work was clarified, the printing of Kondratovich's lexicon was stopped" (Semenikov V. P. Decree. op. p. 48). Further, he quotes the following resolution on this issue from the journals of the Academic Commission of 1773: "The lexicon previously assigned for publication together with the Latin and German translations, which was composed at the Academy under the supervision of the late State Councilor Taubert, since it still lacks a collection of words in some whole letters, should be left for the time being, and instead continue printing of Kondratovichev's Etymological lexicon under the supervision of Mr. Academician Kotelnikov, who agreed to undertake this work in the same manner as it was started by Mr. Academician Rumovsky" (Ibid.).

Assessing the contribution of the pioneers of Russian lexicography of the XVIII century, whose works remained unpublished and were partially or completely lost as author's works, modern researchers reasonably speak about the degree of their involvement in the great discoveries and scientific exploits of their successors: "A huge lexical material, concentrated in the dictionaries of the half-forgotten Russian lexicographer Kondratovich and the founder of Russian lexicography Bogdanov, was successfully used The Russian Academy of Sciences, which is the direct heir to the Academy of Sciences ' handwritten vocabulary wealth. When compiling the primary basis of the "Dictionary of the Russian Academy" - the well - known "Analogical List of Words" (or, in other words, "Analogical Tables") - handwritten dictionaries played an exceptionally important role" (Makeeva V. N. Decree. op. p.112).

It is noteworthy that academician V. V. Vinogradov, who apparently did not lose sight of any significant lexicographic works and devoted a voluminous article to their analysis, did not ignore K. A. Kondratovich's activities in this area: "In collaboration with Kondratovich Lomonosov, on behalf of the Academy of Sciences, he was engaged in "composing the Russian lexicon", in which " derived words

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they stand under the archetypes." So, - he concludes, - the general type of word-derived dictionary, in which lexical material is located not according to the alphabet of words, but according to the alphabet of roots, according to nests combining words of one root, - this type was developed long before the "Dictionary of the Russian Academy"" (Vinogradov V. V. Tolkovye slovari russkogo yazyka / / Explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. Vinogradov V. V. Izbrannye trudy [Selected works]. Lexicology and Lexicography, Moscow, 1977, p. 215).

Despite his extensive plans, Kondratovich managed to publish only two lexicons, which undoubtedly have a certain significance as the first experiments on the selection, rationing and interpretation of words. These monuments were created at the dawn of lexicographic practice and show, among other things, the mistakes and searches that the learned men of the Enlightenment went through. The first of them was called " Polish general dictionary and Bible, with Polish, Latin and Russian newly corrected Bibles smechiwanan; and in the order of books, chapters and verses, a triple calm of high, middle and common people translated into Russian by the collegiate assessor Kiriyak Kondratovich "(St. Petersburg, 1775). Moreover, the author was not just a scholastic translator, but carefully selected synonyms for Polish words, for example: Powiadam, I speak, I say, I verb, sl. I will tell you (p. 139), Powiat, Diocese, district. provincia, region of sl. (Ibid.), Ukraina, borderlands, borderlands, contiguity sl. (p. 201). Often words in synonymous rows belong to different styles of speech: Zlaczam, I procrastinate, I postpone, I feed breakfast, I put it in a debt box (p. 252). According to the calculations of E. E. Birzhakova, the list of words marked "sl." (i.e. lat. slavicum - "Slavic") includes 378 words in Russian translation (Birzhakova E. E. Reflection of functional and stylistic differentiation of Russian vocabulary in bilingual dictionaries of the XVIII century. Functional and social varieties of the Russian literary language of the XVIII century: Collection of scientific works, L., 1984, p. 136).

Moreover, K. A. Kondratovich in some cases does not give a reference to the relation of the word to the high style, for example: Palec, finger, finger (Polish General Dictionary... p. 118). Another characteristic feature of the dictionary is the presence of author's neologisms that occur when translating Polish vocabulary. This was probably because K. A. Kondratovich did not find Russian equivalents. His word-forming models, unusual and pretentious, are nevertheless remarkable as an element of the" individual consciousness " of the lexicographer, who tries to explain certain nuances of the language. Here are some examples of such words: Kolysarz, lullaby (p. 48), Kozuchem odziany, dressed in a fur coat, dressed in a fur coat (p. 52), Lektyka, one-wheeler, human carriers (p. 62), Lunatyk, miesiecznik, on the new month of raging, sleepwalker

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(p. 66), Ostatkow zbieranie w winnice, after ovinosobiranie (p. 116), Ropospu, nochkhod, nochebrod (p. 134), Ponury, ponury, svinoglyad (Ibid.), Powrozobiegun, verevkohod (p. 139), etc.

In some cases, the author gave a brief encyclopedic reference ("pt." - bird), although he almost always avoided the descriptive approach, limiting himself to one or several synonymous words. In addition to the already marked "sl." mark, he also uses " pleb. "(Latin plebejum - "folk, common people").

In the dictionary of K. A. Kondratovich there are also separate geographical names. Here is a similar article "Sea": Mbghe, sea, sarogrodzkie, Constantinople, propontis, eiasne, vosfor, czarne, chornoe, euxine, czerwdne, chermnoe, Europioyskie, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Tatarskie, gniloe, lodowate, arctic, martwe, dead, szwieckie. Baltiiskoe, wielkie, okean (p. 74).

Concluding this work, the author adds: "This Polish dictionary, translated both into Russian and Slavonic by me for the first time; after that, with all its completeness, it will be published from me with all European and two Asian languages, i.e. Hebrew and Greek, and even so that at the end, at the end of the first year, it will be published in my name. registers of all languages will be assigned to the alphabet with links to pages, and it will be possible to completely translate from all these languages into all languages" (p. 254). However, there was no second edition.

An in-depth study was conducted by A. A. Obremskaya-Yablonskaya. She analyzed possible sources of K. A. Kondratovich's dictionary. Among them are the handwritten Polish-Latin " Synonym "of the XVII century (Obremskaya-Yablonskaya A. A. On the sources of the Polish-Russian dictionary of Kiriyak Kondratovich / / Proceedings of the Department of Old Russian Literature of the Institute of Russian Literature, Vol. XIV. Moscow-L., 1958. p. 599 et seq.). And the most significant innovation, in her opinion, "is the introduction of adjectives by Kondratovich" (p. 599). Another recognition of the scientist is also interesting: she believes that " the translation of Polish words is formed in Kondratovich completely independently (italics ours. - O. N.). For these translations, our lexicographer used his own rich material intended for a large Russian academic dictionary" (p. 602).

In addition to the Polish-Russian dictionary, K. A. Kondratovich attached another lexicon, which formed the end of the book of the same binding (pp. 255-292): "The Polish Bible dictionary of the strangest names, inconvenient for Great Russians to understand, is combined with three printed bibles, translated from Polish, from Hebrew and from Greek; with the Latin Vulgate, or Hieronymus, and with the Russian new law, not in alphabetical order, but in the order of books, chapters, and verses from the beginning of the Old law to the new testament" (without repeating the place and year of publication). As indicated in the long title of the publication, it includes

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included are words that occur in the Bible texts and for some reason are outdated or not used in the spoken language, and therefore need to be translated. The author arranges them "in the order of books, chapters, and poems." Here are some examples from this part of K. A. Kondratovich's dictionary: Dzien ' odpoczynienia, Sabbath, rest, sabbath, Sabbatum, dies sabbati, 20.11. (p. 257), Namiot, tabernacle, polatka, tent, tennik, 33.8. (p. 258); - from Genesis, the first book of Holy Scripture; Konik, field horse, Attacus, ibid. [11.22.] (p. 259) - from the book of Leviticus, etc.

Another, no less valuable published lexicographic work by K. A. Kondratovich was "Dictionator or recheniar, according to the alphabet of Russian words, about various growths, that is, about trees, herbs, flowers, garden and field seeds, roots and other byli and minerals, collected and composed by the collegiate assessor K. Kondratovich" (St. Petersburg, 1780). And here the author does not deviate from the tradition of his "genre", opening the lexicon with a dedication to "the excellent Mr. state Councilor Prokopy Akinfievich Demidov" (in the original, all words are printed with a capital letter). The scientist explains the reason that prompted him to take up this work:" (...) in addition to applying to Chemistry and trying to translate chemical books, for which you are supposed to spend a lot of your time, then you turned your hunt to Botany; and this reason gave me the opportunity to attribute to you this Botanical Dictionator " (p. IV; our numbering in Roman numerals is absent in the book).

Here K. A. Kondratovich tells about a sad episode that happened to him after returning from Yekaterinburg to Moscow, and meanwhile notes:" (...) after the drowning of my belongings (...) I had the first refuge and refuge in your house" (p.VI). He goes on to talk about the structure of his dictionary: "In addition, in this Dictionator, behind the second line, after the Russian and Latin utterances, I have put something in Russian, so that Russians who have not learned Latin can read Latin in their native language and get spellings from foreign lands that are not available in Russia" (p. VI-VII). In fact, this is a translated Russian-Latin herbalist, which is preserved in considerable numbers in manuscripts from previous centuries. But the scientist is interested not only in the name and interpretation of the word, but also in its correct (from the author's point of view) pronunciation. That is why Latin parallels are also read in Russian. Here are some examples::

It is also interesting that K. A. Kondratovich often gives more than one name, for example, plants, but denotes its varieties, moreover, not only and not even so much "botanical". So, we found 12 separate articles for the word "apple" : "1. Apple. 2. The apple of paradise or Adam: the fruit of trees. 3. Apple overseas fruit. 4. Golden apple. 5. Apple pigvovoe. 6. Pomegranate apple. 7. Yabloko lesnoe. 8. Yab-

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loco is sweet. 9. Pressure-binding apple. 10. Apple of the earth. 11. Apple of love. 12. Yiddish apple or Yiddish cherries. (Then no number. - O. N.). Ground apples, or pork loaf, and potatoes" (p. 144). The word "berry" includes 23 articles and then 17 more in addition, etc.

Initially, K. A. Kondratovich had another, more significant plan, which did not materialize. Back in the 1730s, he prepared the materials " in ten feet of food paper consisting, three times corrected by different three professors and three times from the entire professorial conference approved for the botanical lexicon "(cited from the ed.: Lipshits S. Yu. Russian botany (botany of Russia-USSR). Biographical and Bibliographic dictionary, vol. IV. Moscow, 1952, p. 315). It was translated 50 years after its compilation into Latin and published in a separate book in the form of an extract called " Dictionator or Recheniar...". Thus, K. A. Kondratovich made a certain contribution to natural history, and his name was included in modern botanical dictionaries in this regard.

In addition to studying scientific work and classical poetry (for more information, see: Egunov A. N. Homer in Russian translations of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Moscow, 2001. p. 40 et seq.), he became famous as an author and translator of epigrams. Uncomplicated in essence (including excerpts from the works of ancient writers," translated " by K. A. Kondratovich into Russian), they were a success with their contemporaries. Three such collections were published under the title "The Young Old Man" (St. Petersburg, 1769). The first book is also prefaced with the following subtitle:"To the willing and unwilling reader." In it, the author, in particular, explained his views on this type of verbal art and its role: "The division of various piitic parts is known to each student, of which the epigrammatic part is easier than the one that concludes the joke in brevity" (p. 1).

K. A. Kondratovich notes, not without reason, that "in Russia (...) almost everyone is a poet by nature, although not a poet " (Ibid., p. 3). While describing the principles of his work, he also provides some biographical information: "I partly imitated many things, especially Marcial ( ... ), chose this easy part of poesia, having studied it back in 1718, 50 years ago, so that my weakened seventy-year-old strength could raise it (...) the frills collected here from various authors are not offered here in order to be known as a Russian Martial artist, but only to give an excuse for those who want to reach the superlative degree of perfectly pronounced Russian epigrams" (Ibid.). He also writes that "there are more than two thousand epigrams in readiness alone, in addition to odes, elegies, satyrs, epitaphs, epitalamies, eclogues, dialogues, entusiasms, arias, songs... "(Ibid., p. 6).

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The nature and content of epigrams can be judged by their titles. Here are some of them: "About the inequality of mind and strength", "Without money you can not be treated", "A harmful joke", "Love for parents", etc. In some cases, the authorship is not indicated (most of them are translations of ancient authors), which allows us to judge the creative personality of" piit " Kondratovich, who, obviously, can be attributed to such a curious, in our opinion, "linguistic" epigram from the first collection at number 40 - "Love Cases":

No. Lukeria alone in Philippou's mind stirs,

Ge. Lukeriy and the name on the tongue of that turns,

2. Lucerius and Philip are happy to serve;

As. Lukeria alone Philip calls everywhere before us,

Vo. Lukeria! my light! Come! Shouts before the lords.

Abl. Philip always wants to live with Lukeria everywhere;

In sorrow or joy, Philip Lukeryu proclaims,

And without Lucius, Philip is as mute as a fish (p. 22)

[However, this part of Kondratovich's literary talent was more "applied" in nature. In addition to entertaining and moralizing expressed in epigrams (some of them were addressed to specific individuals), the author had the goal of attracting his patrons by providing short poetic passages, including scientific works. Epigrams are the fruit of his "spontaneous" nature, the desire to express himself, to remind about himself. Their language and style are not distinguished by the harmony, richness of forms and imagery that his more venerable contemporaries possessed. They are built and ornate even for the Catherine era. Probably, the "spiritual" virtues of K. A. Kondratovich were also perceived in the same way later. The famous theologian and scholar, Metropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitinov) rightly wrote:: "His style was distinguished by oddities in words and phrases that were introduced into the Russian language from the beginning of the XVIII century" (Dictionary of Russian secular writers, compatriots and strangers who wrote in Russia, the work of Metropolitan Eugene, Vol. 1. Moscow, 1845, p. 301).

K. A. Kondratovich was never able to get a full salary instead of the humiliating "half" one, and for a long time he did not get a promotion, despite considerable and diverse works and many years of work at the Academy of Sciences. For many years he remained a collegiate assessor, dragging out a miserable existence and caring primarily for his large family (he had eight children). Only at the end of his life he received the rank of court adviser. K. A. Kondratovich lived to a great old age and died at the age of 85, forgotten by many, and never finding a worthy patron among the authorities. In one of the epigrams, he is extremely autobiographical-

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but he spoke about himself, as if anticipating the harsh trials sent by fate:

I lived in poverty for a century, until the gray age,

Poverty is not a vice, it is a vice for a person to be poor.

(The old man is young. To the willing and unwilling reader. St. Petersburg, 1769. Book 1. P. 34).

Time passed, and K. A. Kondratovich was occasionally remembered, sometimes making unfair and excessively biased comments about him. A well-known linguist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, S. K. Bulich, called Kondratovich "an indefatigable but incompetent lexicographer and translator" (S. K. Bulich). Essay on the History of Linguistics in Russia, St. Petersburg, 1904, vol. 1, p. 422). But there were other, more objective, somewhat overestimated estimates, which still rehabilitate Kiriyak Andreevich. Metropolitan Evgeny (Bolkhovitinov), in his Dictionary, commented on him as follows: "He was one of the most prolific Russian writers and was revered among the reformers of our literature" (Edict, op. p.299).

O. V. Nikitin

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