RUSSIAN TURKESTAN EXPEDITIONS IN S. M. DUDIN'S LETTERS TO S. F. OLDENBURG FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE ST. PETERSBURG BRANCH OF THE ARCHIVE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1
"Sometimes it seems as if fate is dominating everything
connected with this expedition "
[Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya, 2011, p. 21]
The article contains letters from the classic of scientific photography S. M. Dudin to the outstanding Russian orientalist and organizer of science, Academician (since 1900) S. F. Oldenburg, who at the time of correspondence was the permanent secretary of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (since 1904), and then-the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1917), the USSR Academy of Sciences (1925-1929). In addition, S. F. Oldenburg was the head of the Russian Turkestan expeditions in 1909-1910 and 1914-1915. The letters contain important information about the development of Russian historical and archaeological research in East Turkestan.
Keywords: Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. F. Oldenburg, S. M. Dudin, history of science, history of archeology, East Turkestan.
The beginning of the 20th century is an interesting period in the development of Russian historical science. The political and administrative expansion of the Russian Empire to the East, on the one hand, caused the need to intensify the exploration of newly acquired lands in Central Asia and adjacent territories, on the other hand, intensified competition with the leading world powers for influence in the region. Not only in big politics, but also in scientific research - geography, archeology, and many branches of Oriental studies - there was a "Big Game"2: collegiality and cooperation were intensively replaced by the desire to isolate certain regions of Central Asia from the presence of competitors (for this aspect, see, in particular: [Bukharin, 2014, p. 169-182]), monopolize certain types of research.
In the second half of the 19th century, it became possible to explore the hard-to-reach regions called Eastern or Chinese Turkestan (as opposed to Western - Russian). Expeditions of Russian geographers, geologists, biologists of various specializations, which volens nolens also became the first historians
1 M. D. Bukharin's research was supported by the Russian Research Foundation "Formation and Development of Russian Oriental Studies in the Light of New Documents from the archive collections of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian State Library", project No. 12-01-00097; I. V. Tunkina's research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 14-18-00010.
2 Even the briefest discussion of the role of archaeological expeditions in the struggle for influence in the region - in the "Big Game" that the Russian Empire played with Great Britain-is not part of the purpose of this article. For an overview of the problem, see [Gorshenina, 2012, p. 183-190].
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Ch. Ch. Valikhanov in 1858-1859, P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky in 1856-1857 and 1888, N. A. Severtsov in 1857-1858, 1865-1868, 1877-1879, N. M. Przhevalsky in 1871-1872, 1876-1877, N. M. Przhevalsky and V. I. Roborovsky in 1879, 1883 and 1888, V. I. Roborovsky himself in 1893-1895, I. V. Musketov in 1874-1880, M. V. Pevtsov in 1878-1879, 1889-1890, A. E. Regel in 1878-1879, G. E. Grum-Grzhimailo in 1889, as well as a number of others, preceded the activities of archaeologists.
In practical terms, the question of organizing a Russian archaeological expedition to East Turkestan was raised by S. F. Oldenburg in October 1891 at a meeting of the Eastern Branch of the Russian Archaeological Society (VO RAO) [Litvinsky, Terentyev-Katansky, 1988, p.26]. The tasks of studying the history of the region were set by the Russian Geographical Society, which, along with the VO RAO, sent its expeditions to Central Asia in general and East Turkestan in particular from the middle of the XIX century [ibid., p. 17]. With the support of both scientific societies and the "authorities in power", especially the Russian consulates in East Turkestan, Russian archaeologists have made a huge contribution to the study of East Turkestan.
Sergei Fyodorovich Oldenburg (1863-1934) played a major role in the development of historical science in Russia in the first third of the twentieth century, including the development of domestic studies of Central and Central Asia.3 Oldenburg was at the head of two expeditions organized at the expense of the Russian Committee for the Study of Central and Eastern Asia (hereinafter referred to as the Russian Committee)4 in 1909-1910 and 1914-1915. His epistolary heritage plays an important role in the study of the history of historical science in Russia in the first third of the 20th century, much of which remains unpublished.
The author of the published letters to S. F. Oldenburg is Samuel Martynovich Dudin (1863-1929). His creative biography attracts the attention of specialists in the history of architecture and fine arts, Oriental studies and ethnography. It seems that every detail of it has been reconstructed as fully as possible, 5 but the most striking episode in his creative life - participation in the Russian Turkestan expeditions (hereinafter referred to as RTE) under the leadership of Academician S. F. Oldenburg - is given only one paragraph in the generalizing work about Dudin [Prishchepova, 2011, pp. 628-629]. S. F. Oldenburg, then director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, wrote a heartfelt obituary on the death of S. M. Dudin, a member of two expeditions of the Russian Committee to Chinese Turkestan [Oldenburg, 1930, pp. 353-357].
Paradoxically, the Turkestan expeditions of S. F. Oldenburg - a remarkable undertaking of Russian historical science-are "very little known in the scientific literature" [Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya, 2011, p. 21]. This is due to the fact that the overwhelming majority of the materials brought from there remained unpublished, and also to the fact that, unlike his Western European and Japanese colleagues, S. F. Oldenburg did not seek to export cultural values from the studied area to the "civilized" world, but was based on the culture-preserving principle of Oriental archaeology.-
3 On the life and scientific activity of S. F. Oldenburg, see: [Sergey Fedorovich Oldenburg, 1986; Myasnikov, 2013, pp. 489-499]. The list of his works includes more than 500 monographs, articles, and reviews [Skachkov and Chizhikova, 1986, pp. 122-153].
4 The Russian Committee for the Study of Central and Eastern Asia in Historical, Archaeological and Linguistic Terms was established in 1903 as an integral part of the International Association for the Study of Central and Eastern Asia (Association internationale pour l'exploration arehéologique et linguistique de l'ASIC Centrale et de l'Extreme Orient; Central and East Asia Exploration Fund; charter "highly approved" February 2, 1903), which was formed on the initiative of the largest Orientalist-Turkologist Academician V. V. Radlov at the XII International Congress of Orientalists in Rome in October 1899. Similar committees were created in other countries interested in Central Asian studies, but it was the Russian Committee that was the central coordinating body of the Association (for the history of the Russian committee, see: [Lusternik. 1975, pp. 224-232]).
5 For more information about the life and creative path of S. M. Dudin, see: [Prishchepova, 2011, pp. 608-649].
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gii. Indeed, a brief report [Oldenburg, 1911, p. 20-31], a brief report [Oldenburg, 1914], three articles by Oldenburg himself in not very widely read publications [Oldenburg, 1921, p. 25-31; Oldenburg, 1922, p. 57-66; Oldenburg, 1925, p. 41-52] and two works by S. M. Dudin [Dudin 1916; Dudin, 1917, pp. 21-92] - too little to present to the scientific community the full significance of the two Russian Turkestan expeditions. Preoccupied with saving Russian science and culture in a critical era of Russia's development, S. F. Oldenburg did not have time to publish expedition materials either at home or abroad. Attempts by his widow E. G. Oldenburg and F. I. Shcherbatsky to publish them in the 1930s and early 1940s were also unsuccessful [Tunkina 2013(2), pp. 57-58; Tunkina, 2013(3)]. Later, only N. V. Diakonova published two works based on the materials of the Oldenburg expeditions [Diakonova, 1947, pp. 445-470; Diakonova, 1995]. It is all the more important to introduce into scientific circulation everything that is directly related to the study of East Turkestan by Russian researchers, especially under the leadership of S. F. Oldenburg.
The first expedition of Oldenburg to East Turkestan in 1909-1910 actually consisted of three people-the head of S. F. Oldenburg, mining engineer D. A. Smirnov, artist and photographer S. M. Dudin, who was assigned to work "on the artistic part and photography"; two other participants - archaeologist V. I. Kamensky and "practical digger" S. P. Petrenko - due to illness, they were forced to return to their homeland halfway. The expedition left St. Petersburg on June 6 and reached China via Omsk and Semipalatinsk. In a newspaper interview, S. M. Dudin reported on the hardships of the road:
"After traveling 600 versts east of the Chinese border to Urumqi, we were convinced that our expedition left too late for this unbearably hot country. First Petrenko fell ill, and then Kamensky's nerves were frayed from riding in the heat, and they both returned, and the three of us continued on our way. The Kirghiz nomads had moved off somewhere, and we couldn't get the sheep. I had to eat bread and rice. The canned food they'd taken in reserve was gone from the heat. The fish turned to dust, the meat rotted, and only Liebig extract, which turned into glue, could be used in business. We got our bread from the Chinese and Donghans, in the form of wheat cakes smeared with wild garlic, a cross between onions and garlic. The smell is terrible, but little by little we got used to it" [Artist S. M. Dudin...].
The work of the 1st RTE was concentrated around three historical centers: Karashar district, Turfan and Kuchar oases. On June 22, 1909, the travelers arrived in Chuguchak, where they purchased horses and necessary equipment. Here the expedition was joined by a translator-sart B. T. Hoho. On June 29, the expedition was already in Urumqi, and on August 4, after a short rest at the dacha of the Urumqi consul N. N. Krotkov, it left via Toksun for Karashar.
"40 versts south of Karashar, we managed to find the ruins of an ancient monastery and up to 150 different buildings covered with sand 4 yards deep: temples, chapels, cells. Everywhere there are large remains of sculptures and paintings (glue painting on clay)... We collected 12 boxes of frescoes and sculptures there...", S. M. Dudin pointed out in his newspaper description of the expedition's everyday life [ibid.].
The expedition worked in the ruins of Shikshin from August 29 to September 20, 1909, and from September 29 began exploring the Turfan oasis-Yar-Khoto (Koneshari), then Uchturfan, Idikut-shari (Dakianus), Sengim-agyz, Bezeklik, Murtuk, Chikanakol, Tuyuk-mazar and other ancient settlements. "From the straw breaking through the sand, we guessed that we were walking on the roof of buildings. And indeed, after making excavations, they found two huge temples and many small ones. I had to work a lot here. But they collected murals and sculptures for 20 boxes. I made tracing papers from nature; up to 20 meters came out. I took more than 800 large photos and countless small ones, " S. M. Dudin recalled further [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 1, d. 164, l. 37].
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On November 15, 1909, S. M. Dudin and D. A. Smirnov left Karakhodzha for Russia, as Samuil Martynovich fell ill with fever during the expedition. Their departure provoked the condemnation of the Russian consul in Urumqi, N. N. Krotkov ."..It is extremely important that S. F. Oldenburg should become as fully acquainted with the theater of his future detailed research as possible this time; it is necessary that he should not be delayed in achieving this goal by various petty concerns... it is necessary, therefore, that near S. F. Oldenburg there are people who, in addition to photographing and shooting, would manage the packing and sending of materials collected by the expedition, the packing and layout of things during the movement of the expedition from place to place, settlements with carters and people hired to accompany the expedition, the purchase of provisions, the collection of secondary information, and so on. N. N. Krotkoe to Oldenburg on December 30, 1909 from Urumqi.I am not at all opposed to your going to Kuche; I am only opposed to your going there in the singular... In my opinion, Smirnov and Dudin should not have left you; if they wanted to help you, they should have found a job. If they missed their wives so much that they couldn't stay for another 2-3 months, then, excuse me, what kind of travelers are they?" [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 305, l.26, 26ob.].
S. F. Oldenburg, on the contrary, in his report to the leadership of the RKISVA from Tuyuk-Mazar dated November 14, 1909, justified his companions: "The cold weather forced S. M. Dudin and D. A. Smirnov to return to Russia, since neither drawing nor drawing is satisfactory. I decided to go further south through Kurlya in order to find out the method and size of further work. I expect to remove, in addition, a number of frescoes and, perhaps, make test excavations" [SPF ARAN, f. 148, op. 1, d. 60, l. 8b].
Staying with translator B. T. Khokho and cook Zaharie, 6 S. F. Oldenburg toured Syrkip and the Lemdzhinsky gorge and went to the Kuchar district. On December 19, he arrived in Kuchar, where he stayed at the house of Margelan Sart aksakal Khal-Mukhammed, 7 and from there made a number of trips to the surrounding areas-Min-ten-ata, Subashi, Sym-sym, Krysh (Kirish), Kyzyl-karga, Kyzyl, Kumtura [Oldenburg, 1914, p. 56]. On January 12, 1910, S. F. Oldenburg left Kumtura and crossed the desert to return to St. Petersburg [ibid., p. 72]. The collection of ancient texts brought to the Asian Museum turned out to be small: 20 fragments of Sanskrit manuscripts in the Brahmi script and the same number of ancient Uighur, as well as 88 Muslim manuscripts [Popova, 2008(1); Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya, 2011, pp. 18-19].
During the work of the 1st RTE 1909-1910, it became clear that foreign expeditions " acted in East Turkestan as expropriators of cultural property: they took out manuscripts, sculptures, and even entire frescoes, hastily and crudely removed from the walls of churches and monasteries. Former international agreements were forgotten: foreign colleagues actually deceived S. F. Oldenburg and did not leave him a single untouched monument" [Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya, 2011, p. 18]. S. F. Oldenburg expressed concern for the fate of antiquities in East Turkestan at a meeting of the Russian Committee on February 8, 1914. At his suggestion, a commission was drawn up to work out an appeal to researchers of Central Asia in order to turn them into specialists.-
6 In a letter to S. F. Oldenburg, he signed himself: "Kirghiz of the Semipalatinsk region of the Zaisan district of the Bogaz volost No. 8 of the village of Sakhariy Mayemerov" [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 1, d. 165, l. 18-18ob.].
7 On October 24, 1908, at the request of the Chairman of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician V. V. Radlov, Emperor Nicholas II awarded a silver medal "with the inscription "for diligence" to be worn around the neck on the Stanislav ribbon" to Khal-Mukhammad Rakhmet Ullaev for "repeatedly rendered services to our scientific expeditions in Western China". On November 17, 1908, Comrade Minister of Foreign Affairs N. V. Charykov informed V. V. Radlov that on the recommendation of the Manager of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs A. P. Izvolsky, by order of the Turkestan Governor-General P. I. Mishchenko, "our trade foreman in the mountains of the Russian Federation is now in full swing. Khal-Mukhammad Rakhmet Ullaev, a Russian citizen of Kuchar, was awarded an honorary robe of the first degree " [SPF ARAN, f. 148, op. 1, d. 51, l. 111, 114-114 ob.].
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mania for the inadmissibility of consumer attitudes to the area under study. Oldenburg was particularly outraged by the methods and results of the work of the A. Lecoq and A. Stein expeditions (Skachkov, 1993, p. 314, 316).
Preparing for the second expedition, S. F. Oldenburg chose the main monument for research - Mogaoku Caves - " Caves of a thousand Buddhas "(kit. Qianfodong; in the diaries of S. M. Dudin - Changfudong). This monastery is located in Dunhuang County, Gansu Province. The purpose of the expedition, as Oldenburg wrote on May 2, 1915, was "to find a solid basis for chronological identification of monuments of Buddhist art in China and Chinese Turkestan and to collect sufficient material to characterize the various styles of this art" [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 1, d. 188, l. 9]. In addition to S. F. Oldenburg and S. M. Dudin, mining engineer N. A. Smirnov, brother of D. A. Smirnov, who participated in the first RTE, restoration artist V. S. Birkenberg and ethnographer B. F. Romberg were invited to carry out the work of the 2nd RTE. The support staff also participated in the work - "7 Cossacks, an otunchi translator and a baker". The expedition left St. Petersburg on May 20, 1914, arrived in Chuguchak on June 13, left on June 17, and arrived in Urumqi on July 10; left for Gucheng on July 12, arrived in Hami on August 4, and arrived in Dunhuang on August 18.
The main achievement of the expedition was the discovery of three caves in addition to those discovered and described by the French expedition of Paul Pelleau in 1908. The importance of this discovery is also explained by the fact that before the Pelho and Oldenburg expeditions, a number of expeditions worked in Dunhuang: twice the English one under the leadership of A. Stein (1907, 1914), the Chinese one (1910) and the Japanese one (1912). Unlike their Western European colleagues, Russian researchers did not cut new frescoes themselves, but only they described them, recorded the facades and plans of caves on a scale of 25 fathoms in an inch, made over 200 copies of ornaments (some in paints) on tracing paper and paper, made about 1300 photographs ranging in size from 18 x 24 and 24 x 30, and 300 images with a "polyscope" [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 1, d. 188, l. 10]. On November 1, the expedition split up: S. M. Dudin, V. S. Birkenberg and N. A. Smirnov left Dunhuang and arrived in Hami on November 6, from where they went to Russia via Urumqi. S. F. Oldenburg and B. F. Romberg stayed to continue research and pack the collected materials. materials while living in one of the caves of Mogaoku Monastery. Work continued until January 28, 1915: the First World War was raging in the world, and it was not possible to safely continue work in the zone of severe political tension amid rumors of China's entry into the war. S. F. Oldenburg and B. F. Romberg returned to Petrograd on April 23, 1915, but the expedition materials arrived in the capital from Omsk only at the end of summer [Skachkov, 1993, p. 315; Popova, 2008(2), p. 165-168].
The expedition of S. F. Oldenburg replenished the fund of the Asian Museum of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences with almost four hundred Chinese, Tibetan, Sogdian, Uyghur manuscripts and woodcuts. Most of these manuscripts were purchased from the local population or collected in household garbage in caves. The monuments of Chinese writing delivered by S. F. Oldenburg to Russia were actually saved from rapid destruction. The expedition was handed over for storage to the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Monuments of Fine and Applied Arts: "2 lions, over 20 figurines and heads, fragments of images on canvas and silk", several fragments of frescoes, but they were taken only if they were already broken off and they were in danger of rapid destruction. In 1930-1934, at the insistence of S. F. Oldenburg himself, these antiquities were transferred to the State Hermitage Museum.
The value of the works of the 2nd RTE Oldenburg also lies in the fact that the description of caves made by its participants is much more complete and accurate than all previous and subsequent ones. In addition, expeditions that worked in Dunhuang after World War II found the caves in an even more disfigured state: the American expedition of 1923 removed frescoes from seven caves! Climate impacts and construction work have also had a major destructive effect on the condition of the monuments.
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* * *
An important source on the history of the study of East Turkestan by Russian scientists is the letters of SM. Dudin S. F. to Oldenburg, stored in SPF ARAN [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 200, l. 1-25]. These letters are of considerable interest, as they relate to one of the most significant enterprises of Russian historical science in its entire history. They paint pictures of the preparation of the expedition, the concerns that its participants faced, including S. F. Oldenburg, and the difficulties that Russian scientists had to overcome. These letters specify the chronology of work and the route of expeditions. Reading them, it is sometimes hard to believe that a scientific expedition working under the leadership of a leading Russian orientalist - both in the scientific and administrative sense-was forced to conduct its activities in such cramped conditions. Despite the seemingly sufficient funding, the expedition's budget was 23,982 rubles. [Popova 2008(2), p. 165], - its participants lacked the most necessary things: horses, warm clothes, money (up to the point that they had to borrow), workers. There wasn't enough photo paper to print the materials. I lacked everything but love for my business and professionalism.
S. M. Dudin's handwriting is difficult to read. Sometimes the letters merge into one wavy line, the words in which are also often abbreviated. Individual abbreviations ("some", "which") Dudin used superscript characters taken from the medieval manuscript tradition. Punctuation marks are not always present in letters. As a rule, they are omitted or placed haphazardly, which sometimes makes it difficult to reconstruct the meaning of a sentence. Thus, the Russian Consul in Urumqi, N. N. Krotkov, complained to S. F. Oldenburg: "What a pity that he [SM. Dudin. - I. T.] writes so hieroglyphically! In an interesting letter from him about visiting the mounds near the station Chai-wo-pu (Sa-e-pu), there are still dark places for me. And there is nothing to say about your lectures on the art of India recorded by him: we work on the analysis of these recordings with the whole family, but, unfortunately, not always successfully" [SPF ARAN, f. 208, on. 3, d. 305, l.9ob.] 8.
The collection of Dudin's letters to Oldenburg has not been fully preserved; many of the letters that have come down to our time were stained due to forgeries during the catastrophic flood in Leningrad in 1924 [Tunkina 2013(1), p.39; Tunkina, 2013(3); Tunkina, 2014]. Sheets 6 and 6b. they clearly belong to different emails. Sheet 16 does not continue sheet 15ob. Sheets 19-19ob. and 20-20ob. are damaged, and some fragments of the letter are not readable. Sheet 23 is slightly crumpled, and several lines on it are also indistinct.
The "?" sign indicates questionable readings,"???" - unread fragments. Abbreviated words in the original should be added in square brackets. Words that are necessary for the meaning are also given in square brackets.
Undated emails are dated by content and placed in chronological order in the publication.
N 1 (l. 1-2)
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
I would have liked to go to Nikol Nikolaevich 1's dacha, even though I hadn't finished packing yet (there wasn't much left), because I wasn't in a hurry and spent the whole day taking pictures in Urumqi to set my lens shutter speeds for various topics. But I am afraid of the prospect of dragging a bed, a suitcase, a burka, a bed and a box with chairs on a horse in korzhuns 2. This is too cumbersome. In addition, our outfits (actually] Bosuk 3 glavn [ym] obr[azom] and Sahari 3) are afraid of ost-
8 Letter dated September 9, 1909 from Urumqi.
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to be alone because of things. So I prefer to stay here and wait for you to return.
I'm making inquiries about Arbakh. Neither the Chinese nor the Sarts agree to go faster than 12 days to Karashar (1 station per day). The price, apparently, is about 30 rubles., not more expensive. 5 also found out about Ahmadjan that he speaks" very little " Russian. A brisk guy, experienced and efficient, but he will not go for less than 45-50 rubles. The price, of course, is not suitable. We'll have to take someone else, if only he wasn't such a fool as Baisymbai 6. Bosuk, it turns out, can do a little carpentry and is not bad. He is also a hunter, and the gun 7 I and V[ladimir] And[vanovich]8 were allowed to leave so that he could hunt on occasion. I wish you good health. Bow to Dm [itriy] Ars[enevich] 7.
Dedicated to you
S. Dudin.
24/VII 909
Urumqi city
N 2 (Lz-4ob.)
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
The issue of our departure from Urumqi was complicated by a number of completely unforeseen circumstances, and therefore we leave only tomorrow (November 24), since it took more than 3 days to settle them. We bought a Russian cart from d[okto]ra 10 for 22 lan, blocked it, changed the axle, and also took a Russian harness from d[okto]ra with the fact that we will send it back from Chuguchak 11 repaired. Another Russian cart with one horse was hired from a Kirghiz carrier from Semipalatinsk.] He bought another horse in this cart from us for 20 lan. For the first cart, we hired horses from Motul 12, who brought us here. When we took possession of the horse, we left another of our horses. The idea of taking another three or two factory horses had to be abandoned, partly because it was very difficult to find them, and partly because of the high cost, since we were already forced to go beyond the estimated fare to Chuguchak. We have to pay 140 LAN for 4 horses!
Our horses were returned to us because the platoon commander found them unsatisfactory. On this occasion, Nikolai Nikolaevich 13 will communicate with the commander of the unit and write to you himself, about how the further development of this unpleasant circumstance will take place. Of course, you will have to pay the amount for the purchase of horses here, on site 14.
The boxes of frescoes from Shikshin arrived in full working order. Nick [Olay] and I are talking about moving them onward. Nick [Olaevich] decided to wait for the rest of the boxes to arrive and send the entire caravan as a whole. According to an approximate calculation, the delivery of all of them will cost from here about 360 lakhs to Chuguchak (6 arbs of 60 lakhs each for sportive delivery or slightly less for normal delivery). I will send this sum to N [ikolay] N [ikolayevich] from Chuguchak. The mail parcels that we have brought will go with the nearest heavy mail all at once. K [arav] an departs in a week.
We go without the Cossacks, because one Romanov 15 is not released, and to take two-it would mean to increase the cost of our passage and already somewhat expensive. We think that the services of Baisymbai 16 and carters will be absolutely sufficient. We didn't find any docks here. Instead, for 10 lan we bought a pair of stinky, but warm Sartovian fur coats, and we hope to get to Chuguchak in them, or even further, if we don't attack something more decent in Chuguchak. We also bought a stove with pipes for heating sleds, and got out saws, not the ones we would like, but not bad either. If the weather continues as it is now here, i.e. dry and relatively warm, we will reach it in 12-13 days.
I made inquiries about the time required to get the transport to S [ankt -] P[eter] burg. It is determined at approximately 4 months (about 3 months).
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to Omsk and a little more than a month from Omsk). T [akim] o [braz], you can wait in S[ankt-] P[eter]burg for transport around half or at the end of April. This circumstance made Dm [itria] Ars [Yenevich]17 to think that an undesirable break may occur in his work, i.e.K. the sketches and plans that are coming with him, he hopes to finish earlier than in the 4th grade; also, the sketches that are put in boxes with frescoes will have to be finished later. To my great regret, I did not dare to break one of the boxes to get some of the sketches, not wanting to risk breaking the frescoes, which is quite possible in the absence of the necessary tools, especially since the other part of the sketches is not even here, but is placed in one of the Turfan boxes. D [mitri] Ars[enevich] finds that this circumstance may complicate the issue of paying for his work and asks me to inform you about it. This, of course, is quite fair, especially if after completing the sketches and plans available to him, much earlier than receiving transport, he will take up other work. So that at least some transport was delivered on time, I also asked Nick [olaya] Finally, if it is possible, I will also transfer this matter to Vasily Vasilyevich 19, who, of course, will do everything possible to ensure that our transport will proceed from Omsk to the railway station in an abbreviated time. [oroge]. Nikolai Nikolaevich also made several other acquisitions. Between them, 3 heads from the temple with a round chaitya 20 in the right-bank monastery in Tuyuk-Mazar are interesting (this is our definition. Nick to [Olay] Nick to [olayevich] it was delivered without specifying the location). One of them is not even devoid of artistry 21, both in type and in modeling it is similar to doc [itai]Turfan heads in Grunwedel's book 22. Where N[ikolay] Nick[olayevich] appoints them - he did not say. He has already received a commendation from the Academy of Sciences. But, apparently, he is somewhat dissatisfied with its form and thinks that Vasily Vasilyevich did not arrange this matter quite as he would have liked. 23 Without knowing the text of this paper, I can, of course, add nothing more to my report.
I will not write about the local mood. Nikolai Nikolaevich will probably write to you about them. Boris Vasilyevich Dolbezhev 24 asks me to convey his greetings and best wishes to you. Please convey my regards to Bosuk Temirovich 25. I sincerely wish you all the best.
With perfect respect,
S. Dudin
Urumqi November 23, 1909
N 3 (l. 5-6ob.)
Chuguchak, December 7, 1909
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
We did not leave Urumqi on the 24th, but on the 25th, because the cart d [okto] ra 26 broke down at the exit, and it had to be repaired. This incident would probably have delayed us for another day or two, but we were saved by chance. There was a return arbanin with a tarashtanka 27, who agreed to take us for 50 lan. The deposit given to Motula was lost, but it was covered to some extent by the difference in price. T [akim] o [braz], we reached Chuguchak in two tarashtankas. Before Shiho we were harassed by several frosts, after Shiho-the weather was always calm and warm-the frost did not exceed-3-5 o; the carters drove well and delivered us on time, i.e. in 12 days. We suffered a lot from spending the night in dyany 28. The smoke, mud and cold make the winter journey both difficult and painful, and we strongly advise you not to go back this way in any case. This advice is necessary in case you would accept the advice of Nick [olay] Nick [Olajevic]wants to go this way. We thought it would be more convenient if we didn't make it, but now we've changed our mood dramatically. In Chuguchak, we visited Korn[elijah] Vasilyevich]30, Al [ex[???]] Pavlovich 31 and t [omu] under[obnykh]. All of them ask you to send their greetings and wishes for a speedy and successful completion of your work. I took 1800 rubles from the bank, of which 400 rubles I took
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I gave it to Dmitry Arsenyevich (350 rubles + 50 rubles in advance for finishing sketches and plans). I deposited 500 rubles to N. N. Krotkov's current account, as requested by him. This amount includes: 60 rubles [rubles], which we took from him in case after Chuguchak we will not take Chinese money, and 440 rubles [rubles] for payment by carters from Urumqi to Chuguchak of our transport. Shipping it will probably cost a little less, since now prices range from 70 kopecks to 1 ruble and a little more from a pound, but I thought it necessary to add a certain amount in case you send luggage from the Pile.
Alex[??? Vladimir Pavlovich will do everything possible to ensure that our luggage is not delayed either here or on the way to Omsk. He thinks it will take about a month to get to Omsk from here, and the same amount of time to get it here. As for sending by rail, in order to avoid misunderstandings, Al [ex[???Pavel [ovich] asked to notify the Kamenskys ' office in Omsk from S [ankt -] P [eter] burg about the procedure for delivery at a cheaper rate. This will be done by me on arrival in S [ankt -] P[eter] Burg through the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. All payments can be made upon receipt of your luggage at S [ankt -] P[eter] burg, and this procedure is most convenient. I asked you to insure your luggage in the amount of 10,000 rubles.
In view of the fact that one of the horses of our carters was knocked out and was left by us on St. Tolu, we were to leave Baisymbai with her, with the promise that he would ride her to Chuguchak when she recovered. I left the money due to him to Kornili Vasilyevich, who will give it to Baisymbai. We decided not to give him any awards, because on the road he behaved in the most unacceptable way, adding bad faith to his stupidity.
In a letter from Urumqi, I wrote to you 32 that Nick [olay] Nick [olayevich]33 is dissatisfied with the form of gratitude that the Academy of Sciences has expressed to him for the gift he has made 34. After the letter was delivered to you, I saw this document. From the words of Nick [olay] Nick [Olayevich] I realized that he was waiting for something else and was inclined to look at it as a preliminary reward for his gift. In conveying to you this mood of Nikolai Nikolaevich's, I am afraid that I am expressing myself somewhat rudely, but I convey the essence of the matter correctly and convey it not as gossip, but according to the clearly expressed desire of Nick[olay] Nick[olayevich]himself to let you know about this, because it would be awkward for him to do it himself.
It's all the same here. Everyone you know asked about you and was very interested in the results of the trip, and our stories about them seemed to make a good impression. We certainly didn't exaggerate them.
We leave here tomorrow, i.e. on the 8th of December. The weather is clear, frosty, but the frost is weak. There are no docks here, but we hope to replace them to a certain extent with our blankets. As to the passage of the crew to Semipalatinsk, we could learn nothing here; but it is likely that this question will be resolved in a good way during the Watch. As for the route from Omsk, Al [ex[???Pavel [ovich] was so kind that he telegraphed a request to get the carriage to Pyotr Ivanovich (dov[erennogo] br[atiev] Kamensk[them]) and hopes that he will get it.
Everyone asked us about Vlad [Ymir] 35 and our explanations of the reasons for his departure coincided with those that he himself mentioned here. He was found much changed, lost weight, etc. Petrenko immediately cried like a child, stepping on Russian soil. When he left here, he was much stronger and better, but all the time he did not stop regretting that he had to leave us.
We have conveyed your gratitude to Mr. Gavriltsev. I sincerely wish you all the best health and good luck in your work. Send my greetings to Bosuk Temirovich and Sakari. We often think of both of them when we return to the now-departed Turfan, Shikshin, Yar and Tusk. Once again - all the best! With perfect respect,
S. Dudin
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N 4 (l. 7-10ob.)
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
We reached our destination quite safely. It was a little cold when we got to Semipalatinsk. In Semipalatinsk, however, we stocked up on our dokhs and drove to Omsk in good conditions and without any adventures, except for the fact that Dmitry Arsenovich's mating belts were cut off, and my blanket was also stolen from me, because it was mated.. It happened on "druzhki", which we had to go to, because mail from Semipalat[insk] to Omsk is always in full swing, and it is almost impossible to get them.
When I arrived, I visited you[Elijah] Vasilyevich 37 and the museum 38. At the Museum, I reviewed the parcels sent from Urumqi. The parcels with the manuscripts were opened, as agreed, and handed over partly to Vasily Vasilyevich and partly to Karl Germanovich.39 The parcel with the scraps of manuscripts was also opened, but left without disassembly. I'll take it apart myself and hand it over to the Committee of 40 for disassembly. The frescoes arrived safely, but I left them in boxes and forgot them. I print negatives. The negatives sent from Urumqi by mail have not yet been received. I expect it in a few days and will start printing at the same time. I'm compiling a catalog of photos based on the type we discussed earlier. I really regret now that I didn't copy the plans (all of them)for myself Dmytro [sic] Ars[enevich]. I really need them now. I must admit that I thought they would be here, so I copied only what I needed for details on the spot. For the Catalog, in order not to confuse the designations, you need all the plans. So I write Dm [itria] Ars[Enevich] and I ask him to send me crocs of the missing pages (on tracing paper) like the ones I made, even more careless. After receiving them, I will quickly complete the Catalog and will be free for other work when you arrive.
The sketches that I made in my notebooks, I think to redraw on sheets and something in this direction is already doing. Sheet sizes and format I take the one accepted by Nick [olay] 42 for Architectural Drawings Central Asia 43.The paper is the same.
It will probably be possible to use the third floor of the museum to sort out the collection and put the frescoes in order. The fact is that it is unlikely to be possible to start exhibiting in it before September, because the walls are still very raw so that you can risk exposing collections earlier than this time.
Vas [ili] Vas [Ilyevich] for frescoes is assigned a part of the hall, facing the street, and the entire top of its wall against the light. As well as stairs. It is impossible to admire such a place very much, but it is difficult to find a better one, and it is also embarrassing to break up the collection without connecting it with the already exhibited objects of Berezovsky 44 and Klementz 45.
The halls on the new floor are nice, comfortable, and bright. The photography room is a little cramped and the light is not good, but it is still there and you can work in it. In the museum, everything is the same as before. There is only one new product. Adler 46 started working at the Alexander III Museum on January 8(but it has been serving since January 1). He took the role of Dmitry Alexandrovich 47 (foreigners of Siberia). The post of head was transferred to N. M. Mogilyansky 48. DM [itriy] Alexandrovich is here in St. Petersburg, it seems, recently. Count Dmitry Ivanovich [49] seems to be resigning the post of associate of the august President of the Alexander III Museum in the Department of Ethnography. He was appointed Director of the Hermitage Museum. Both Adler and Mogilyansky would like Vasily Vasilyevich 50 to take their comrade's place. I don't know if it will take place. I am afraid to deal with this confusion,because I have heard the most opposite things from both sides.
The other day I saw A. I. Ivanov 51. He is planning to go to Chinese Turkestan with his wife, although he is also looking forward to a trip to Termez, where Baron Stahl 52 and Barthold 53 will go, I think. I told Vasily Vasilyevich in detail about our work and its results and, apparently, made a good impression. Regarding leaving in
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Aside from the route of Beshbalyk and the ruins at Chucheni, I explained to him their condition, as I had imagined it on the basis of my inspection of Ulan-bai, and described its size and condition as described in Dolbezhev's note.
Mikhail Mikhailovich 54 had an accident. With him there was a blow-ra [z]beat the entire right half of the body, he lost his tongue. In this condition, he was found in his apartment in Likhachevka. The Committee was bothered to give him an allowance of 300 rubles and place him in the hospital of the Holy Trinity Community (at 55 2nd Rozhdestvenskaya Street). I visited him shortly after my arrival (28 Dec[Abr]). His illness is already passing. His speech has returned, though not quite yet, some words he does not pronounce, badly knits phrases. His left side has lost its weakness and is perfectly healthy, but his right arm still hangs lifeless. There is, however, a strong hope that this will pass without a trace. He looks upbeat and even cheerful. I'm going to see him again one of these days. I never saw his brother.
I get a lot of questions about your return time. I call everyone the end of March, as you yourself pointed out.
I sincerely wish you all the best. With respect,
S. Dudin.
S [ankt -] P[eter]b[urg], Jan 10[ary] [1]910
In [asilevsky] [O]. 6 l [inia] 51/16, k[vartira] 4.
P.S. I almost forgot to write about Vladimir Ivanovich 57. I saw him at my place. He has recovered from his trip to the Crimea and looks fit and strong. He did not write to us because he was broken after the trip and was in a hurry to get to Zaisan. The reasons for his return here were the same as those for you in Urumqi and Chuguchak, i.e. nerves, fear that he would not return, etc. At Zaisan, he did some digging, but he came to a dune and didn't dig anything. He has now taken over the archaeological department of the Museum 58 and is preparing it for an exhibition in the new premises. There is no information about Petrenka 59 here.
S. D [udin].
No. 5 (l. 11)
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
I am sending you the image and the papers that you mailed from Sengim. Other small items (shards, etc.) I will attach to the rest of the things when disassembling.
If you find it necessary to smooth the image, then make it a prerequisite that the smoothing is not very hot (the iron should only be slightly squeaky) and not on the right side, but on the wrong side through the fabric or paper. When ironing with a hot iron, the silk can get behind the iron.
With respect,
S. Dudin
17/VI. [1]910г.
N 6 (l. 12-13ob.)
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
we bought three vans, and paid only for two, because we were afraid that we would not have enough money, and for the first time we would not be able to do in Chuguchak. Teapots (2 pieces of 3/4 buckets each), pots (2 pieces of the same size) we also purchased. We also bought a set of harnesses for 3 vans. We packed our suitcases, crates, etc. into our nightmares. Tarpaulins were not taken from the tents, because special tarpaulins were sent by mail to Chuguchak.
For your van, which you will find at Pyotr Ivanovich's (trusted br[atiev]Kamensk[them]), we advise you to get a tarpaulin from the tent. Tents must be dismantled for easy installation. Do not throw matting, but use it as a covering and capping material. Order your suitcases (luggage bags) to be wrapped in koshmas (gray cloth).
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1 p [ublu] 20-30 kopecks [eek] arsh[in]). For b [agazhnogo] chemod [ana] it is necessary to buy 3 x arshin koshma 7 arshin and cut it in half along the length. On the bed in the tarantass, buy a white light cat (2 p [ublya] - 2 p[ublya] 20 kopecks[eek]).
Everything we have brought with us and purchased here we take away with us. In order not to waste your time, I will ask a trusted koshma to purchase and have them ready for you as well.
I deliberately did not buy envelopes for 60 records, i.e. it is both expensive and less convenient than laying them with simple and suitable writing paper, which I will find, of course, in Chuguchak.
All other instructions in the telegram will be executed.
With respect,
S. Dudin.
Viktor Serg [yeevich]61 and I would like to extend our warmest greetings to our companions.
S. Dud[in]
June 17, 1914
Semipalatinsk city
No. 7 (l. 25)
[no later than May 1914] 62
(on the form)
Académie Impériale des Sciences
Musée d'Antropologie et d'Etnographie Pierre le Grand
№
St. Petersburg,...........191............
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
Please select from the attached negatives and items you have indicated for the report those that should be sent to the Dresser (?). I will send them to him immediately.
With respect,
S. Dudin.
14/III [1914].
N 8 (l. 14-15ob.)
Hami 63 4/X[1]914
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
We arrived in Hami on November 3, having been on the road not 8 days, but 10. The reason for this slow movement is the poor condition of the horses. After the first few marches, two horses had to be dragged along as ballast, and two more had to be harnessed only occasionally. Only the increased feeding allowed us to get here tolerably well and will probably allow us, albeit slowly, to get to Urumqi. Mistakes were made, as it turns out, even in the front path: the horses were fed poorly, too much importance was attached to the reeds, and the arps 64 gave little, which was the reason that the horses were exhausted and barely reached Changfudong 65. Correction of horses on pasture also did not lead to anything and could not lead, because the only means of feeding, and moreover the only one, was reeds, t [akim] o [braz], only when setting in dian horses could recover somewhat, but the time to [oto]swarm they spent t[akim about [braz], there was too little to give satisfactory results. Here we throw two exhausted horses and then go to 13.
When we left, it was due to a small oversight in the account of our expenses on the way ahead, namely, that we did not count the food that we received from Van 66 as a gift, and the sheep, and it is not customary to raise prices for the winter and
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the need to pay for stops in dany - the amount of 500 lan to Urumqi was not enough. About 300 lan were missing, and as we approached Hami, we were very concerned about how to get out of this situation. But, fortunately, Chanyshev's trustee 67 borrowed us 250 LAN with the fact that this amount will be returned to Chanyshev upon arrival in Urumqi. T [akim] o [braz], the way to Urumqi is provided for us.
In return, however, the question arises of the funds needed for the road to Chuguchak. We will cover the loan made in Hami with a check (200 rubles), and we don't have a penny to get to Chuguchak. Meanwhile, we can say for sure that following our horses to Chuguchak will be impossible, because they will be rendered in disrepair, and, by the way, the wagons will not last beyond Urumqi. We have, however, put clips on the wheels, but this will only temporarily correct the disgusting tire tightening that was done in Dunhuang (they jumped off on the way!). T [akim] o [braz], from Chuguchak we will have to go on hired horses, which will require, along with the payment of forage for Cossack horses and maintenance and feed, and we will need about 550-600 rubles on the way. This amount will have to be borrowed. You can arrange a loan, it seems to me that by telegram to Chanyshev you will let us know about the loan of the specified amount, and by letter you will send a check to it. For my part, I will notify you by registered mail of my receipt of the amount. The telegram to the Chanyshevs will have time to be received before we arrive in Urumqi, as we will be on the road for more than two weeks. We were traveling quite safely so far. None of us has ever been ill, and we never are. The weather was Changfudong-like most of the time. For two days there was a cold sharp wind, while the rest of the days were calm and windless. The temperature during the day is quite tolerable, at night frosts of about 5 degrees or more [ ... ] 68
No. 9 (l. 23-24 ob.)
[not earlier than November 14, 1914]69
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
We arrived in Urumqi on November 14. The weather was quite favorable for us, there were only two or three cold windy days. The ditches on the stations to Urumqi from Chuchen are almost all without water, and the crossing through them was completely uncomplicated. But the roads were much busier than in the front way. Even the poor have supplies of forage and clover on their looms. Snow fell in Urumqi on the day of our arrival, and it is still there. Days with light frost, melts only in the sun. Our horses, with the exception of the mounted ones, were completely exhausted, and it was impossible to follow them further. It was possible to ride one's own horses only if three or four horses were purchased, which would have been impossible with the current prices for horses and their rapid liquidation in Chuguchak. Therefore, we decided to sell the horses and hire carters, especially since all the local inhabitants called the price of a troika 100 rubles. After selling the horses - to the consul for 180 rubles. 12 horses-it turned out, however, that a troika could not be found for a hundred rubles.and we had to hire them for 150 rubles., and we will go not on carts, but on our wagons.
Despite this increase in prices, however, the decision we made is still cheaper than if we were riding on parts of our own horses and on those bought to them. A condition is concluded with the drivers, witnessed by the Consul General. We leave on November 24.
As I have already written to you, the amount you gave us in lans and cheques for Chanyshev (200 rubles) was not enough. Having calculated the expenses that were coming to us in Chuguchak, I found it necessary to borrow 600 rubles from Chanyshev (part of this amount was requested by the Vict [ora] Sergeyevich]70 and Nick[Olaya] It was issued by me to them on account of their salary, but for purchases in Urumqi). Despite the fact that no instructions were received from you and[ospodin] Chanyshev, he gave me the specified amount.
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I promised him that this sum would be returned by you by cheque, to which you would be pleased to send it to the Consul, to which he would hand it over to Chanyshev, having received my receipt back from him for forwarding to you.
If I have any money left over when I arrive in Chuguchak, I will deposit it in your current account, as we agreed. In view of your consent to the requests of the Cossacks to exchange their horses for ours in Changfudong, I allowed Manokhin 71 to exchange his horse for the horse of Nikol Ars and Gorbunov 72 - his horse for mine. This exchange was made out by Mr. [ospodin] Mikhailov and the medical assistant, and the certificates and inventory were handed over to me for appearance where they should be.
As for the horse Mikhin 73, here the situation is not important. In Chuguchak, horses are expensive and hard to find. Here, so far (on the 23rd), he has not found anything suitable, and if he does, then registration becomes impossible, because today Mikhailov left for the war with a convoy (a new one from the spare ones arrived in return). Prices here, however, are also not low and you can't find a horse cheaper than 130-150 rubles.
Now Alexey Alekseevich 74 has received a telegram about the check. T [akim] o [braz] business was arranged quite safely and conveniently. Viktor Serg [eevich]75 asks me to send his greetings to you and Boris [u] Fedor [ovich]76. My heartfelt wishes for all the best, please accept you and Boris Fedorovich. With respect, S. Dudin.
P.S. I will write to Boris Fedorovich from Chuguchak, because now there is no time.
S. D[udin]
No. 10 (l. 16-18)
[not earlier than December 8, 1914] 77
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
We arrived in Chuguchak on December 8,having been on the road for 12 1/2 days. On the way, everything went well - the bridge over the Manas, the lack of ice on the rivers between Manas and Sandohosa (?) and the next picket, and the low water in Emil (?) they allowed us to transport the expedition's baggage without any help or any other kind of trouble. One of the teamsters ' horses had fallen (probably from overwork and a cold), and I felt somewhat obliged to help him with the purchase of the horse, for besides feeling sorry for their misfortune, I could not help noticing the most conscientious attitude they had taken towards their obligations, which in truth I felt obliged to do. it was hard to say what to expect from the Urumchinsk coachmen (35 rubles). If[ak] k [ak] they delivered 2 1/2 days earlier than the agreed deadline, then I gave them 2 vans as a reward. I did this because when selling them, you couldn't expect to get more than 30 rubles per pair, and this figure was intended by me as the amount of the reward. In Chuguchak, we stopped at an old apartment. Despite the holiday, thanks to the kindness of the Bank Manager and the Postmaster, I was able to get my cheques and the Cossacks ' cheques each, and settle down with the latter. Payments were made in full according to the instructions that were given by you in Changfudong (for 20 days of December, 10 r[ubli] 60 k[I also issued opecks, of course]). On the road, the Cossacks behaved quite well, and Mikhin was both efficient and precise. Dann Vanom - sarth, commander of the six hundred Van cavalry, helped him a lot on the way from Hami to Urumqi. By the way, I didn't write to you about him in my last letter from Urumqi because I was in a hurry. Thanks to him, we easily obtained forage, apartments, etc. For his services, after a meeting with [Alexey] Alekseevich] Dyakov, I gave him 30 lan and one of our broken horses.
Yesterday and today, all postal parcels were inspected, tied and sealed, the forms accompanying the post office and customs written and all this will be sent to the post office tomorrow morning. All parcels are divided into 4 groups, and, t [akim] o [braz], with each batch will go to C[ankt]P [eter] b[urg] 4 parcels. Among them will go and two boxes with tools] Nick [olay] Ars [enevich] (Semipalatinsk theodolite we took with
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by yourself). The calculation of our expenses showed that we have enough money, but just now without fear of shortfall, so I will hold back the small balance that may happen, just in case. The railway to Semipalat [insk] is not ready yet, and we will have to go to the post office. A sledge track has already been installed from Chuguchak to Omsk. My companions and I would like to convey our best wishes to you and Boris Fyodorovich 78.
With respect,
S. Dudin.
N 11 (l. 19-20 ob.)
[not earlier than December 24, 1914]
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
Viktor Serg 79 and I arrived in Petrograd on December 24. Nik [olai] Ars [enevich]80 left Vologda for Yaroslavl and intended to arrive in Petrograd around the middle of January. We made the transfer by post under quite favorable conditions, although not without delays on the stage from Chuguchak to Semipalat[Inska]. Once here the coachmen lost their way, and we drove through the steppe for about 12 hours at night, but, fortunately, without any consequences for us and for the coachmen. The journey to Omsk was made in 4 days thanks to a beautiful road and a good "rope", which we accidentally got to. Railway from Semipalatinsk to Novonikolaevsk 81, as we were informed at the station in Semipalat [insk], will be open all the way only from May 1915, but now it works on separate sections, serving only its own needs.
In the Museum of 82 everything is the same as before. Vasily Vasilyevich 83's health is now excellent, and he feels much more cheerful than before our departure. Regarding the best preservation of negatives, I have already said, and it was decided to make drawers and cabinets for them. A few [days] ago, packages arrived with our negatives, and yesterday the missing three arrived with them. Those who came earlier have already been sorted out by me. All the windows arrived , and intact. I think that the latest packages will be the same. With the printing of negatives, a leak comes out. The fact is that thanks to the photogratic war, warehouses are sitting without paper. For the museum, I wanted to print all the negatives on Velons (?), for you, gradually on Ginton 85. But neither one nor the other paper is in the warehouses. So for the museum, I decided to print them on Albumin. I also ordered Joachim Ginton for you. Joachim promised to prescribe the required amount, but when he will receive it, he does not know. "The small negatives taken with the polyscope are all developed and represent a good collection of views and the essence of our route. Some of them I think to increase (how much paper there is) [another hour] t will print [contan]volume 86 (?). There are also no Dia[positive] glasses. Apparently, we will have to do a slide show [of willow] on Parnfis records (?). What they are - I can't say anything right now.
Calculations with me, Birkenberg and Smirnov were made by the Russian Committee. All works are deducted. Calculation of the path that went through me, i.e. from S [ankt-]P [eter] b[urga] to Chuguchak (I and Birkenb [erg]) Chuguchak and the path to Urumqi (the entire composition of eksied[itsii]), Changfudong-S[ankt-]P[eter] b[urg] (I, Birkenb [erg], Smyrn[ov]) will finish in a few days and hand over all the documents (which I have, as you know, were sent to you in Petrograd from Chuguchak) to the Russian Committee in a package before your arrival. - I won't write anything about the war, because you know everything from the newspapers, and rumors are so contradictory and often ridiculous that it's not worth writing about them positively. I sincerely wish you a speedy completion of your work, good health and a safe return to your homeland.
With respect,
S. Dudin.
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No. 12 (l. 21)
[undated 87]
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
I brought the albums and the catalog.
Missing photos were replaced with paper ones with NN. I didn't have time to select each group sequentially, and you can't do it without breaking the catalog down into groups instead of in order. When I get back, I'll do it as soon as I finish typing (Joachim doesn't have any paper, so I have to wait). I was at the Museum at 1 p.m. to get my passport, but I didn't get through to anyone.
With respect,
S. Dudin.
N 13 (l. 22-22ob.)
[undated]88
Dear Sergey Fedorovich,
I am sending you a telegram from Mr. Grebenkin 89, that is, to You can answer it better than I can. I finish typing photos. I'll probably bring you everything in two or maybe three days. I've taken some cardboard samples and I'm sending them to you. Those that you think you will like can be taken in sheets to estimate the photos, finally stop at the color and format.
I printed on detailed papers in the main way. On the matte ones, there is relatively little, so as not to lose details.
With respect,
S. Dudin.
comments
1 Nikolay Nikolaevich Krotkoe (1869-1919), diplomat, orientalist-Manchurian, collector of antiquities; correspondent of the MAHE (1911), corresponding member of the RKISVA (1911), full member of the Russian Geographical Society (1908) and RAO (1912); dragoman and secretary of the Russian consulates in Manchuria (Jilin, Qiqihar), Russian consul in Eastern China Turkestan - in Kulja (1897-1904) and Urumqi (Turfan) (until the summer of 1911), then an official of special assignments under the Minister and an agent of the Ministry of Trade and Industry in Sofia (1914-1915). He conducted excavations in Tuyuk-mazar (Turfan) and in the vicinity of Urumqi - "the ruins of a town in Ulanbay" 15 versts from the city. On June 29-August 4 (July 12-August 17), 1909, he cordially received the 1st RTE in Urumqi and at his dacha in the mountains 60 versts from the city (see [Oldenburg, 1914, p.1-2]).
N. N. Krotkov's letters to S. F. Oldenburg for 1908-1911 have not yet been published [SPF ARLN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 305, l. 45], but are being prepared for publication by M. D. Bukharin. N. N. Krotkov's contribution to the formation of the Central Asian fund of the Asian Museum (now the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences) is significant; quantitatively, it is several times higher than the contribution of all other collectors combined, it consists of 4073 units; for comparison, the contribution of N. F. Petrovsky - 538, S. F. Oldenburg-50, M. M. Berezovsky 31, A. A. Dyakov-28, A. I. Kokhanovsky - 11, S. E. Malov - 7, P. K. Kozlov - 4, V. I. Roborovsky - 4, S. A. Kolokolov - 3 units [Vorobyova-Desyatovskaya and Temkin, 1963, p. 50; Monuments of Indian writing..., 2004, pp. 76-77].
2 Korzhun-bag.
3 Bosuk Temirovich Khokho, sart, a native of Khami, translator at Yamyn, hired by S. F. Oldenburg in Chuguchak as a translator of the 1st RTE.
4 Cook of the 1st RTE Kirghiz Sakhary Mayemerov.
5 Local carrier-sarth in Urumqi.
6 Baisymbai (S. F. Oldenburg - Bisambai), stable boy of the 1st RTE.
7 On April 28, 1909, S. F. Oldenburg, as a representative of the RKISVA, signed for receiving "three revolvers and four rifles for arming himself and the two servants who were with him" in the St. Petersburg city administration [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 1, d. 193, l. 9b].
8 Kamensky Vladimir Ivanovich (d. 1912), archaeologist", from merchants, "hereditary honorary citizen", full member of the Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Archival Commission, member-employee of the Russian Academy of Education (1909). One of the merchants, an "honorary citizen" of Nizhny Novgorod, a cousin of the owners of the richest trading house "Partnership of Shipping Companies and Cargo Transportation Fyodor and Grigory Kamensky Brothers "(founded in 1871). A student, then a member-employee of the St. Petersburg Archaeological Institute, collaborated with
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A. A. Spitsin. In 1902-1910, according to open Imp sheets. During the work of the State Archaeological Commission, he conducted excavations of Neolithic and other monuments in the Nizhny Novgorod, Smolensk, Olonets, Kostroma provinces, and Semipalatinsk region. Since 1907, a freelance employee of the Archaeological Department of the MAHE, together with the junior ethnographer B. F. Adler, was engaged in the registration of collections and the preparation of the exhibition. Included in the 1st RTE, on the way between Chuguchak and Urumqi, he fell ill with a fever and was forced to return home. In 1910-1911 - Acting curator of the Department of Anthropology and Archeology of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. His diary entries about the collections received by the MAHE Archaeological Department and the work of Russian and foreign scientists with them in January - early March 1910 have been preserved [SPF ARAN, f. 142, op. 1 (before 1918), d. 41, l. 13]. In 1908, 1910-1911 he conducted excavations in Kazakhstan. In October 1911, he was engaged in registering and exhibiting at the MAHE the Central Asian collection of M. M. Berezovsky, collected during the expedition to Kuchu (1905-1908), and for this purpose asked for help from Oldenburg on October 18, 1911: "In view of the fact that I have been instructed to exhibit - and as soon as possible-the collection M. M. Berezovsky in the cabinets that I have vacated for her from the Central Asian ceramics, I appeal to you with the most respectful request not to refuse to cede to us the items of the same collection stored in your possession, if of course you find it possible for you at this time. It is necessary to register and make at least a simple list of items from the M. M. collection, which is what I have to do now. I would be very much obliged to you for the instructions I need in the planning of these items in exhibition cabinets " [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 250, l. 5-5ob.]. He died suddenly in early 1912.
9 Dmitry Arsenyevich Smirnov-mining engineer, participant of the 1st RTE, whose task was to shoot plans.
10 We are talking about the doctor of the Russian Consulate in Urumqi (1906-1911) V. A. Strokovsky, who maintained scientific relations with the Russian Geographical Society and received its publications. The doctor was fond of photography and sent negatives with views of Chinese Turkestan and its monuments (including the collection "views of Chinese gods") to MAE S. M. Dudin and S. F. Oldenburg [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 567, l. 1-2ob. - letter dated April 4, 1911 from Chuguchak to St. Petersburg]. The N. N. Krotkov Foundation in the Archive of Oriental Scholars of the IVR keeps his unpublished works - typewritten "Description of the direct route from Monas to Zaisan, passed in August 1911 by the doctor at the consulate in Urumqi V. A. Strokovsky" and a description of the trip to the Machezi settlement [AV IVR, f. 32, op. 1, d. 14/26].
11 Chuguchak (Uyghur. Chechek), an urban district in northern Xinjiang on the southern slope of the Tarbagatai Range. It was founded in the XVI century. Uyghur traders from Kashgar. On October 7, 1864, a Protocol on the establishment of the Russian-Chinese border in Central Asia was signed in Chuguchak.
12 Possibly a Russian merchant who traded in Chinese Turkestan, and who had hired sarts to travel from Turfan to Urumqi.
13 This refers to Consul N. N. Krotkov.
14 N. N. Krotkov described in detail to S. F. Oldenburg the circumstances of the departure of the participants of the 1st RTE to their homeland: "Dudin and Smirnov left here on Wednesday, November 25. I helped them pack as best I could. I thought that both of them, especially Samuel Martynovich, were more efficient and practical people. At first, they decided to go to Chuguchak with the sartas who brought them here from Turfan. However, their financial calculations with these carters regarding the upcoming trip were so complicated and inconvenient for both parties that I felt it my duty to intervene and advised them to arrange things differently. After that, things got better. There were other drivers who were more experienced, knew the road, and had good horses.
On my advice, Dudin and Smirnov took a small iron stove with them on the road, which will be very, very useful to them on the way from Urumqi to Chuguchak, in the cold and carbon monoxide Chinese dyany. Travel from here to Chuguchak in winter is generally very unpleasant and involves great inconvenience. Our artist and engineer will somehow transfer it! They went in two carts, for lack of tarantas. They put a top on one of the carts and covered it with a nightmare. It turned out to be a very comfortable, wind-proof carriage. There were no docks here. Nevertheless, warm dresses from Smirnov and Dudin are available in sufficient quantities.
Since your expedition staff expressed an unyielding desire to travel day and night to reach Chuguchak in 10-12 days, the idea of sending Romanov [a Cossack escort. I. T.] or any of the Cossacks in general had to be refused: a Cossack without a horse cannot be sent according to the charter, and a mounted Cossack when riding day and night would only serve as an incessant hindrance and delay.
Because of Romanov and Silantiev, I had to have a very unpleasant explanation with the commander of the convoy podjesaul Putintsev. The latter rejected the horses on which the named Cossacks arrived from Turfan, and categorically refused to enroll them in the number of convoy horses. Now the commander insists that he be issued a certificate for submission to the regiment from the expedition in case of a really former need to purchase new horses for the Cossacks, and also that the expedition pay 75 rubles for each Cossack horse. Please do not refuse, dear Sergey Fyodorovich, to send me a certificate for transmission to the podjesaul Putintssvu that the horses of the Cossacks accompanying the expedition during the crossings from Urumqi to Karashar and from Karashar to Turfan were in such a state that they had to be replaced by other horses that were in place. As for the horse fee, if it seems high to you, please let me know. I will then start a correspondence with the regiment on this matter.
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One of the horses rejected by the commander was sold here, the other Smirnov and Dudin took with them on the road " [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 305, l. 24-25 ob., letter of November 30, 1909 from Urumqi].
15 Romanov - one of the two Cossacks who accompanied the 1st RTE (the second - Silantyev).
16 Baisymbai (or Bisambai), stable boy of the 1st RTE.
17 This refers to D. A. Smirnov.
18 The trading house "Partnership of Shipping Companies and cargo Transportation Fyodor and Grigory Kamensky Brothers "(founded in 1871) was engaged in water transportation of passengers and cargo transportation, had passenger and towing vessels and a wide network of offices in 30 major cargo transshipment centers of the Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, the board of the house was located in Moscow, branches were located in St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Riga, and offices were located from Libava in the west to Akmolinsk and Semipalatinsk in the east, there were foreign branches in Hamburg and London. Participant of the 1st RTE V. I. Kamensky was a cousin of the company owner. Through the Kamensky brothers trading office in Semipalatinsk and Chuguchak (agent A. P. Lyapunov) Additional equipment of the 1st RTE was carried out and the collected materials were sent to St. Petersburg (see: [Oldenburg; 1914, p. 1]).
19 Radlov Vasily Vasilyevich (1837-1918), Turkologist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, director of the Asian Museum (1885-1890), then until his death - Director of the MAE of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1894-1918), Chairman of the RKISVA (1903-1918). For a brief description of the role of V. V. Radlov in the activities of Russian expeditions in East Turkestan, see [Matveeva and Rezvan, 2012, p. 188].
20 Chaitya-Buddhist temple oratory.
21 For their details, see, in particular: [Gumilyov, 1949, pp. 232-253].
22 We are talking about the book: [Grünwedel, 1906].
23 N. N. Krotkoe regularly sent manuscripts and other antiquities for attribution to the Academy of Sciences and scientific societies, but he felt offended by the inattention of St. Petersburg scientists and complained to S. F. Oldenburg: "Our scientific societies do not treat me very carefully, and this discourages them from doing anything. The Geographical Society, for example, rightly sends its Izvestiya to Dr. Strokovsky, but it treats me unceremoniously - it will send me one book, but not two. The Eastern Branch of the Archaeological Society did not consider it necessary to reply to my two letters; they did not even thank me for the print I sent them from the stone found in Murtuk. I am fully convinced that V. V. Radlov, when preparing for printing the manuscripts that I presented as a gift to the Academy, will not even think of sending me a single copy of the printed one. This attitude is not particularly pleasing" [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 305, l. 27-27ob., letter dated December 30, 1909 from Urumqi to Kuchu].
24 Boris Vasilyevich Dolbezhev (d. 1910), diplomat, secretary of the Russian Consulate in Urumqi, who was engaged in archaeological exploration in Chinese Turkestan. Judging by the documents, he was in conflict with the consul N. N. Krotkov. Dr. V. A. Strokovsky reported to S. F. Oldenburg on April 4, 1911: "I don't know if you have heard that B. V. Dolbezhev died last summer from blood poisoning caused by a carbuncle on his face, and he fell ill, one might say, on the eve of his departure from Urumqi" [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 567, l. 2].
25 Bosuk Temirovich Khokho, translator of the 1st RTE.
26 We are talking about Dr. V. A. Strokovsky.
27 Probably a primitive wagon. The use of such vernacular Ukrainisms in the speech of S. M. Dudin is quite natural because of his origin and childhood spent in Ukraine. S. M. Dudin's father was a retired quartermaster of the Kazan Dragoon Regiment. After retiring, he settled in the town of Selenastom, Yelisavetgrad Uyezd, Kherson province, where he became a village teacher (Prishchepova, 2011, p. 611).
28 Dian-hotel.
29 N. N. Krotkov.
30 This refers to K. V. Lucic, Manager of the Russian Consulate in Chuguchak.
31 A. P. Lyapunov-agent of the Kamensky brothers ' office in Chuguchak.
32 See the previous email.
33 N. N. Krotkov.
34 In a letter to Oldenburg dated March 1, 1910, N. N. Krotkoe reported: "I remember and confirm everything I said to you personally in Urumqi regarding my desire to work for our Academy of Sciences. In order to completely eliminate the possibility of suspicion of competition, from now on all the antiquities received by me, I will send to you and at your complete disposal. If the Ethnographic Museum [MAE PAN] deigns to choose me as its correspondent, it will be a great honor for me. Then, I will note here, the question of money for the purchase of antiquities will also be easily solved.: having become directly related to the museum, I will acquire antiquities for the amounts allocated to them at my disposal " [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 305, l. 33-33ob.]. As a result, N. N. Krotkov was elected a corresponding member of the MAHE and RKISVA, and received his diplomas of election in the winter or early spring of 1911, shortly before his final departure from Urumqi.
35 We are talking about the archaeologist V. I. Kamensky. In a letter from Sergiopolis dated June 19, 1909, he informed Oldenburg: "I arrived safely, except for a little fiddling with the right rear wheel of the cart. Arrived in Sergiopolis at 9 1/2am. I spent the night traveling in an open tarantass, and as a result, I have a slight cold, but I am in a good mood. In an hour or two I will go to Chuguchak" [SPF ARAN, f. 208, op. 3, d. 250, l. 1].
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36 Samson Petrovich Petrenko-archaeologist, "practical digger", employee of the Kerch Museum, invited to assist in the excavation of V. I. Kamensky. Between Chuguchak and Urumqi, both fell ill with fever and were forced to return to Russia without taking part in the 1st RTE [Oldenburg, 1914, p.1].
37 This refers to V. V. Radlov.
38 This is the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, whose director from 1894 until his death in 1918 was V. V. Radlov.
39 Karl Hermanovich Zaleman (1849-1916), Orientalist-Turkologist, Arabist, Sanskrit scholar; Master of Arabic Literature (1875); Associate in Literature and History of Asian peoples (1886), Extraordinary (1889), ordinary (1895) Academician of the PAN; full member of the Russian Academy of Education (1882). Director of the Asian Museum (1890-1916) and the 2nd Branch of the Library of the Academy of Sciences (1890-1916).
40 This refers to the Russian Committee for the Study of Central and Eastern Asia in Historical, Archaeological and Linguistic Terms, which since 1903 has been the leading coordinating body in organizing expeditions to Central Asia and the Far East. For its purposes, see [Oldenburg 1903, p. 45].
41 is written above the line.
42 Nikolay Ivanovich Veselovsky (1848-1918), Orientalist, archaeologist, turkologist, specialist in the history of the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Golden Horde, Central Asia, Persia, and China; Master of Oriental History (1877); corresponding member. PAN (1914); corresponding member (1886), senior member (1895) of the Imp. Archaeological Commission; member-comp. (1881), full member (1889), manager of the Eastern Branch (1908-1918) of the RAO. Honored Ordinary Professor (1903-1918) of the Department of Oriental History of the Higher School of Economics; Professor of Primitive Archeology at the St. Petersburg Archaeological Institute (1891-1918). He was sent by an Archaeological Commission to study various monuments (from the Eneolithic to the Middle Ages) and conduct excavations in Turkestan (1884-1885, the Afrasiab settlement in Samarkand); organized two expeditions to Samarkand (1895-1896, 1898-1899).
43 According to S. M. Dudin's plan, the album of Central Asian ornaments collected by him during 7 years (35 months) of expeditions (in 1892-1893, 1894, 1899-1903) in the Semirechensk, Semipalatinsk, Ferghana regions and the Alai Valley should have consisted of approximately 350 sheets with images of decorative and applied art monuments (tiles, mosaics, traditional and traditional architecture). modern carvings, coinage, leather stamping, painting, embroidery, ceramics, etc.) of Turkmens, Tajiks, Uzbeks and Kazakhs. The tables should have been accompanied by explanatory texts. For this album, a number of cripples, sketches, notes, and photographs were performed. In April 1907, materials for this unpublished album of 60 drawings of Kazakh ornaments were purchased for the Library of the Academy of Arts, where they are still kept today. In 1913, he gave MAE PAN two collections of photocopies and negatives of his own drawings of wood carvings on the doors of palaces and mosques in Kokand, Andijan and Samarkand (1894) and negatives of samples of drawings of Uzbek, Turkmen and Afghan carpets (for more information, see [Prishchepova, 2011, pp. 636-641]).
44 Berezovsky Mikhail Mikhailovich (1848-1912), zoologist, botanist, traveler, since 1877 during 14 expeditions explored Mongolia, Tibet, China, on behalf of the RKISVA made a trip to Kuch (East Turkestan, 1905-1908). See his letters to S. F. Oldenburg with a description of the progress of work: [Bukharin, 2011-2012, pp. 77-105].
45 Dmitry Alexandrovich Klements (1847-1914), ethnographer, populist revolutionary. At the expense of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, he traveled to Chinese Turkestan (1898). In 1902, he took the position of curator of the imp Academic Ethnographic Museum. Alexander III (Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum). In 1910, he retired and moved to Moscow, where he died.
46 Bruno Adler (Bruno Wilhelm Karl Adolf) Friedrichovich (1874-1942), ethnographer, geographer, anthropologist, museologist, representative of the anthropogeographic direction in ethnography; Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leipzig; Master of Geography (1910); full member of the Russian Geographical Society (1903). A graduate of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Moscow State Medical University (1900), a student of D. N. Anuchin, he improved his knowledge in Leipzig with F. F. Ratzsla, worked as a conservator at the Gross Museum (Leiden Museum). In 1902, at the invitation of the MAHE Director V. V. Radlov, he moved to St. Petersburg and took up the position of junior ethnographer, Head of the Department of Ethnography. department of China and Japan. In 1910, due to a conflict with L. Ya. Sternberg, he moved from the MAHE to the Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum as a curator.
47 This refers to D. A. Klemenz.
48 Nikolay Mikhailovich Mogilyansky (1871-1933), ethnographer, graduate of St. Petersburg (1893) and Berlin (1894) Universities, Paris Écolc d'Anthropologie (1895-1897), curator of the MAE PAN, since 1908-Head of the Ethnographic Department of the Alexander III Russian Museum. Since 1920 in exile. He taught at universities in France and the Czech Republic.
49 This refers to Count Dmitry Ivanovich Tolstoy (1860-1941), director of the Imp. The Hermitage Museum (since 1909).
50 This refers to V. V. Radlov; see note 19.
51 Alexey Ivanov (1877-1937), Russian sinologist, Tangutologist, and Japanese scholar. Graduate (1901) and privatdozent (since 1905) of the Faculty of Higher Education of PU, researcher of the Tangut manuscript collection brought by P. K. Kozlov from the dead city of Harahoto, compiler of the unpublished "Dictionary of Tangut Writing". Arrested and executed in 1937.
52 Stahl von Goldstein, Stahl von Holstein, Baron Alexander Augustovich (Alexander Wilhelm) (1877-1937), Sanskrit scholar, Buddhist scholar, specialist in Central Asian philology, manuscript collector-
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sey, privatdozent of the Faculty of Higher Education of St. Petersburg University (since 1909), founder of the Sino-Indian Institute of Harvard University in Beijing (1929).
53 Barthold Vasily Vladimirovich (1869-1930), historian, philologist, orientalist-Iranist, Arabist, Turkologist, founder of the Russian historical school of Oriental studies; corresponding member (1910), ordinary academician (1913) PAN, ordinary Professor (1906-1927), Secretary (1906-1910) of the Higher School of Oriental Studies, Secretary of the Russian Committee for Study Central and Eastern Asia (1903-1918).
54 This refers to M. M. Berezovsky.
55 Refers to the Holy Trinity Community of Sisters of Mercy, now the Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology (16 2nd Sovetskaya St.).
56 Nikolai Mikhailovich Berezovsky - a cousin of M. M. Berezovsky, who accompanied him on the 1905-1907 expedition to Kuchu.
57 This refers to V. I. Kamensky, then head of the Archaeological Department of MAE PAN.
58 This refers to the PAN Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography.
59 We are talking about the" practice-digger " S. P. Petrenko.
60 Refers to envelopes for photographic plates - glass photonegatives and slides.
61 Viktor Sergeyevich Birkenberg (1890-1938), architect, artist, restorer, participant of the 2nd RTE.
62 The letter refers to the preparation for publication of the "report", which obviously refers to the report on the work of the 1st RTE [Oldenburg, 1914], published in May 1914.
63rd administrative center of the eponymous district of Xinjiang Province.
64 Arpa - a mixture of barley and straw.
65 Changfudong is a natural boundary in Gansu Province in modern China.
66 Wang-chief of the district.
67 Not identified.
68 The end of the email was not saved.
69 is dated by content. The letter mentions N. A. Smirnov, a participant of the 2nd RTE, as well as Changfodong, the main research object of the 2nd RTE. Apparently, the letter was written on the way back from Chanfodong, where Dudin, Birkenberg and Smirnov left on November 1, to Urumqi, where they arrived on November 14, but before their arrival in Chuguchak on December 8.
70 This refers to V. S. Birkenberg.
71 Ivan Manokhin - one of the escort Cossacks.
72 Konstantin Gorbunov - one of the escort Cossacks.
73 Mikhin Yakov - one of the escort Cossacks.
74 Alexey A. Dyakov (1876 -?) - Russian diplomat, dragoman, secretary and consul of the Russian consulates in Kulja (1902-1912) and Urumqi (1916-1917), who was interested in the history of East Turkestan and published several works on the history of the region. See his correspondence with S. F. Oldenburg: [Bukharin, 2013, pp. 444-453].
75 V. S. Birkenberg
76 B. F. Romberg.
77 The letter is undated, but it is thematically a continuation of the previous one.
78 B. F. Romberg.
79 This refers to V. S. Birkenberg.
80 This refers to N. A. Smirnov.
81 Until 1926, this was the name of the city of Novosibirsk.
82 MAE-Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Peter the Great Academy of Sciences.
83 This refers to V. V. Radlov.
84 Underlined by S. M. Dudin.
85 Alfred Gorsley-Ginton (1863-1908), English photographer, editor-in-chief of Amateur Photographers.
86 Contant - in the terminology of the early twentieth century-a transaction not on credit, but for cash.
87 This letter is a substantial continuation of the previous one, which refers to the delay in the delivery of the paper ordered from I. Ginton, as described in letter 11.
88 This letter ends the discussion of printing photos that was started and continued in the previous two letters. For this reason, it is placed after letter No. 12.
84 This refers to M. V. Grebenkin, head of the postal and telegraph service in Chuguchak (see [Oldenburg, 1914, p. 1]).
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Bukharin M. D. Letters of A. A. Dyakov to S. F. Oldenburg from the collection of SPF ARAN / / Vestnik istorii, literatury, iskusstva. 2013. Issue 9.
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Skachkov P. E. Russkaya Turkestanskaya expeditsiya 1914-1915 gg. [Russian Turkestan expedition of 1914-1915]. 1993. N 4.
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SPF ARAN is the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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since the birth of Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky and the 125th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin" (November 25-29, 2013). Issue XXIX / Ed. by E. I. Kolchinsky. SPb., 2013(2).
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