ANATOLY DMITRIEVICH PRYAKHIN
Author: I. E. Safonov
On August 23, 2009, Anatoly Dmitrievich Pryakhin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Archeology and History of the Ancient World of Voronezh State University (hereinafter referred to as VSU), turned 70.
A. D. Pryakhin was born in Yelets. After graduating from high school in the Moscow region in 1957, he entered the History and Philology Department of Voronezh State University. At the University, A.D. Pryakhin begins studying in the scientific student archaeological circle under the guidance of the Slavic archaeologist Anna Nikolaevna Moskalenko, a student of V. I. Ravdonikas. However, Anatoly Dmitrievich's participation in the late 1950s in the excavations of ancient Lubech, which were led by the akad, was fateful for him. Boris Aleksandrovich Rybakov. It is no coincidence that the first scientific studies of A. D. Pryakhin were devoted to the problems of Slavic and Old Russian archeology and history. In 1961, as a student, he conducted excavations of the multi-layered Vorgol settlement of the Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, and Slavic-Russian time. The results of the study formed the basis of the thesis, which Anatoly Dmitrievich successfully defended the following year. In 1962-1966, A. D. Pryakhin worked as an assistant and later as a laboratory assistant at the Department of Pre-Soviet History of the USSR at VSU, together with A. N. Pryakhin. Moskalenko explores the monuments of the Romensk-Borshev culture of ancient Russian times (Borshevsky burial mound, Maloe Borshevskoe and Arkhangelsk ancient settlements, and other archaeological sites).
To the greatest extent, Anatoly Dmitrievich's scientific and organizational talent was revealed when studying the Bronze Age. A.D. Pryakhin is one of the experts of the Eurasian steppe and forest-steppe bronze.
In 1966, he defended his PhD thesis, which systematized materials on the Bronze Age of the Upper and Middle Don region (II-early I millennium BC). Since the second half of the 1960s, under the guidance of Anatoly Dmitrievich, systematic field research of Bronze Age monuments began here. An important stage was the new construction excavations of various household monuments in the construction zone of the Voronezh Reservoir (Shilovskoye, Maslovskoye, Severo - Vostochnoye, and University settlements), which were carried out by the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences and VSU at the turn of the 1960s-1970s. Shilovsky settlement became the first almost completely explored settlement of the Abashevskaya cultural and historical community.
The obtained materials largely determined the direction of A.D. Pryakhin's further scientific activity - the study of monuments of the Middle and Late Bronze Age, primarily the Abashev cultural and historical community, and the determination of the place and role of the cultures forming it.
In the early 1970s, under the leadership of A. D. Pryakhin, Bronze Age monuments of the Dono-Oka interfluve (Krasnoe Ozero, Shlikhtinskoye, Barkovskoye settlements, etc.) were studied, and in the mid-1970s, in the course of joint work with the Ural State University, Bashkir and Samara Pedagogical Institutes, the Zavolzhsky District was studied.-
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North-Ural region (Surushskoye, Beregovskoye, Sintashtinskoye settlements, Beregovskoy kurgan burial ground, etc.).
In 1977, A.D. Pryakhin successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on " The history of ancient pastoralists of the second millennium BC in the forest-steppe regions of the Don region. Volga region and Southern Urals (Abashevskaya cultural and historical community)". The defense was preceded by the publication of two monographs " Settlements of the Abashev community "(1976) and "Funerary Abashev monuments" (1977).
Through the efforts of A. D. Pryakhin, VSU created the Department of Archaeological Profile (1976), the Museum of Archeology (1983), the Laboratory of Natural-scientific methods in Archeology (1989), and the Laboratory of Historiography of the Archeology of Eurasia (1999), jointly with the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The result of studying large cultural and historical communities of the Bronze Age of the forest-steppe and steppe of Eurasia, primarily Abashevskaya and Srubnaya, was created by A. D. Pryakhin characteristics of the development of the historical process in the Bronze Age in the forest-steppe spaces of Eurasia. The researcher identified certain archaeological cultures of the Eurasian forest-steppe of the Middle - Late Bronze Age (Voronezh, Don-Volga Abashevskaya, Don forest-steppe log cabin, etc.).
The excavations of the Mosolovsky settlement of metallurgists-foundry workers of the Srubnaya cultural and historical community on the Bityug River (1977-1984, 1989) were of exceptional importance for understanding the socio-economic processes that took place in the Late Bronze Age in Eurasia. The settlement was investigated almost completely, and numerous evidences of industrial activity of its inhabitants were found on it. For the first time, evidence of the existence of a clan of artisans with different technological skills was obtained for the spaces of the Eurasian steppe and forest-steppe. The study of the Mosolovsky settlement also contributed to the identification of not one, but two (eastern and western) log houses of metalworking.
A joint expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Donbass Mining and Metallurgical Institute (headed by V. V. Otroshchenko and Yu.M. Brovender) and VSU (headed by A. D. Pryakhin) is subordinated to the study of Western space. Since 1995, the expedition has been studying the Bronze Age monuments of the Kapitanovsky and Kartamyshsky archaeological districts (Luhansk region). Ukraine).
A. D. Pryakhin's activity was not limited to studying the problems of the Bronze Age. Being first a senior lecturer (1967), then an associate professor of the Department of Pre-Soviet History of the USSR, Professor of the Department of Archeology and History of the Ancient World at VSU (1978), A.D. Pryakhin sought to form a team around him that studied a wide range of issues not only ancient, but also medieval history. The basis for the consolidation of scientists was the work in the framework of the scientific direction "Eastern European forest-steppe and the development of societies with a productive economy (Bronze Age - early Middle Ages)". The results of the team's activities are presented in the collections of scientific papers published since 1979 in the thematic series "Archeology of the Eastern European Forest-steppe".
Thanks to the efforts of A. D. Pryakhin, the study of the south-eastern limits of the Slavic world and especially the south-east of Ancient Russia received a new impetus. The excavations of the Semiluk settlement and the settlement on the Don River conducted under his leadership in 1984-1988 and 1990 were of great importance. In the course of the study, materials were obtained on a pre-Mongol hillfort in the Middle Don region. Within the framework of the federal program "Archeology and Archaeological heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation" in 1993 - 1995, targeted field research was conducted in the lower reaches of the Voronezh River on the topic "Vantit-a unique archaeological territory of Russia".
It should also be noted that the excavations of pre-Mongol and Mongolian monuments on the territory of Yelets were carried out within the framework of the scientific and applied program "Yelets and its districts-a unique historical and cultural territory of Russia". The problem of preserving and reviving the national historical, cultural and archaeological heritage of Russia has been in the center of attention of A. D. Pryakhin for several decades. He wrote popular science books: "Archeology... Heritage" (1988)," Archeology and Archaeological Heritage " (1995).
Another area of scientific activity of Anatoly Dmitrievich is the history of Russian archeology. In 1986, A.D. Pryakhin's monograph "The History of Soviet Archeology" was published, which analyzed the period of formation of Soviet archeology (1917 - mid-1930s). In the book "Archaeologists of the Outgoing Century" published in 1999, Anatoly Dmitrievich emphasizes the importance of the role of the scientist's personality in archeology. In his opinion, a thorough analysis of the scientific heritage of major scientists helps to better understand the achievements and trends in the development of the entire science.
In recent years, A. D. Pryakhin has been actively studying other periods of development of archeology. For many years now, he has been teaching a special course on the history of Russian archeology at Voronezh and a number of other universities. The first part of this course is dedicated to-
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The history of pre-revolutionary archeology is presented in the "History of Russian Archeology" published in 2005. Here A.D. Pryakhin justified the periodization, traced the general line of development of archeology in the country. Currently, he is working on the history of studying the Bronze Age of the Don-Donets region. A series of articles and the first part of the monograph " Don-Donets Steppe-forest-steppe in the Bronze Age. History of research (the second half of the XIX - early 90-ies of the XX century)". Now Anatoly Dmitrievich is preparing for publication the second part of the study.
For almost 50 years, under the leadership or with the direct participation of A.D. Pryakhin, more than 100 mounds of various times were excavated and more than 35 thousand m2 of area was uncovered in settlements of the Bronze Age-early Middle Ages. Anatoly Dmitrievich combines active field research with analytical work. He has published more than 600 works, including 19 monographs and textbooks.
Training of historians and archaeologists remains a priority task for A. D. Pryakhin. In the 1980s, VSU developed and successfully implemented a plan for training specialists in the field of archaeology. Graduates of the department work in various universities and research institutions in Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. Under the guidance of Anatoly Dmitrievich, 20 candidates and 9 doctors of sciences were trained.
Anatoly Dmitrievich spent many years of his life studying the ancient and medieval history of Russia, the historiography of Russian archeology, the problems of preserving and reviving the historical, cultural and archaeological heritage of the country and its Central region. It is full of creative plans and aspirations. We wish him good health, great success and prosperity.
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